How Long to Read A Comparison of White-tailed Deer Recruitment Rates to Relative Predator Abundance in Maryland

How Long Does it Take to Read A Comparison of White-tailed Deer Recruitment Rates to Relative Predator Abundance in Maryland?

It takes the average reader and 53 minutes to read A Comparison of White-tailed Deer Recruitment Rates to Relative Predator Abundance in Maryland by Eric W. Ness

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

In the late 1990s, Maryland’s deer management plan aimed to reduce and stabilize the state’s white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) population. While attempting to achieve this goal through liberalized seasons and bag limits, managers estimated a decreasing fawn recruitment rate and sought to better understand causes for these declines, particularly in the western portion of the state. Fawn recruitment may be impacted by several factors: predation, disease, starvation, malnutrition, parasite-load, and collisions with vehicles and farm machinery. My study’s goal was to better understand the predator-prey relationship within western Maryland. One hypothesis is the predator community reducing the fawn recruitment. In western Maryland, black bear (Ursus americanus), bobcat ( Lynx rufus), and coyote (Canis latrans) are established, but the variation in abundance of these populations has not been well documented. I established 3 study areas focused on 3 publicly hunted state forests (Potomac-Garrett, Savage River, and Green Ridge State Forests). The first objective was to estimate the deer density and fawn recruitment at each study area. I used road-based distance sampling using a forward-looking infrared (FLIR) device to scan the landscape from August-October, 2015 and 2016. I replicated the FLIR survey 6 times on each study area in 2015 and 2016. Once collected, the data were analyzed using a uniform-key function within program DISTANCE. Neither deer density (Potomac-Garrett = 16 deer/km2, Savage River = 6 deer/km 2, Green Ridge = 12 deer/km2) nor fawn recruitment (Potomac-Garrett = 0.56 fawn/doe, Savage River = 0.54 fawn/doe, Green Ridge = 0.52 fawn/doe) changed between years.

How long is A Comparison of White-tailed Deer Recruitment Rates to Relative Predator Abundance in Maryland?

A Comparison of White-tailed Deer Recruitment Rates to Relative Predator Abundance in Maryland by Eric W. Ness is 53 pages long, and a total of 13,409 words.

This makes it 18% the length of the average book. It also has 16% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read A Comparison of White-tailed Deer Recruitment Rates to Relative Predator Abundance in Maryland Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 1 hour and 13 minutes to read A Comparison of White-tailed Deer Recruitment Rates to Relative Predator Abundance in Maryland aloud.

What Reading Level is A Comparison of White-tailed Deer Recruitment Rates to Relative Predator Abundance in Maryland?

A Comparison of White-tailed Deer Recruitment Rates to Relative Predator Abundance in Maryland is suitable for students ages 8 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

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