How Long to Read Advances in Comparative and Environmental Physiology

How Long Does it Take to Read Advances in Comparative and Environmental Physiology?

It takes the average reader 5 hours and 25 minutes to read Advances in Comparative and Environmental Physiology by Fumio Ito

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

In the past 5 years there has been an enormous increase of evidence that the ion channels activated by mechanical force are common to a wide variety of cell types. Mechanosensitive (MS) ion channels form a small proportion of the total channel population. They are now found in more than 30 cell types from E. coli, yeast, to plant, invertebrate, and vertebrate cells, where they occur in virtually all types of cells from bone to smooth muscle, as well as neurons. The majority of MS channels are permeable to monovalent cations and are slightly selective for K+ over Na +. How 2 ever, there are several reports of anion-selective MS channels, MS Ca + channels, and MS channels with large conductances that do not dis criminate markedly between cations and anions. Recently B. Hille has postulated possible evolutionary relationships between several types of ion channels, with mechanosensitive channels predating even the eukaryotes. Two voltage-gated channel types originate with the stem eukaryotes, as deduced from the presence of voltage-gated K+ 2 and Ca + channels in protozoa, algae, or higher plants. Agonist-gated chan nels as well as voltage-gated Na + channels appear with the earliest metazoan animals, as deduced from the presence of Na + spikes and fast chemical synapses in cnidaria (coelenterates), ctenophores, and all higher animals.

How long is Advances in Comparative and Environmental Physiology?

Advances in Comparative and Environmental Physiology by Fumio Ito is 317 pages long, and a total of 81,469 words.

This makes it 107% the length of the average book. It also has 100% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Advances in Comparative and Environmental Physiology Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 7 hours and 25 minutes to read Advances in Comparative and Environmental Physiology aloud.

What Reading Level is Advances in Comparative and Environmental Physiology?

Advances in Comparative and Environmental Physiology is suitable for students ages 12 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Advances in Comparative and Environmental Physiology?

Advances in Comparative and Environmental Physiology by Fumio Ito is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

To buy Advances in Comparative and Environmental Physiology by Fumio Ito on Amazon click the button below.