How Long to Read Axes in Outer Space

How Long Does it Take to Read Axes in Outer Space?

It takes the average reader 1 hour and 45 minutes to read Axes in Outer Space by Michael Handel

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

<P>The authors develop a notion of axis in the Culler-Vogtmann outer space $\mathcal{X}_r$ of a finite rank free group $F_r$, with respect to the action of a nongeometric, fully irreducible outer automorphism $\phi$. Unlike the situation of a loxodromic isometry acting on hyperbolic space, or a pseudo-Anosov mapping class acting on Teichmüller space, $\mathcal{X}_r$ has no natural metric, and $\phi$ seems not to have a single natural axis. Instead these axes for $\phi$, while not unique, fit into an ""axis bundle"" $\mathcal{A}_\phi$ with nice topological properties: $\mathcal{A}_\phi$ is a...

How long is Axes in Outer Space?

Axes in Outer Space by Michael Handel is 104 pages long, and a total of 26,416 words.

This makes it 35% the length of the average book. It also has 32% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Axes in Outer Space Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 2 hours and 24 minutes to read Axes in Outer Space aloud.

What Reading Level is Axes in Outer Space?

Axes in Outer Space is suitable for students ages 10 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Axes in Outer Space?

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