How Long to Read Biogeography and Biodiversity of Western Atlantic Mollusks

How Long Does it Take to Read Biogeography and Biodiversity of Western Atlantic Mollusks?

It takes the average reader 4 hours and 14 minutes to read Biogeography and Biodiversity of Western Atlantic Mollusks by Edward J. Petuch

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

Shallow water marine molluscan faunas are distributed in a pattern of distinct, geographically definable areas. This makes mollusks ideal for studying the distribution of organisms in the marine environment and the processes and patterns that control their evolution. Biogeography and Biodiversity of Western Atlantic Mollusks is the first book to use quantitative methodologies to define marine molluscan biogeographical patterns. It traces the historical development of these patterns for the subtropical and tropical western Atlantic. The book discusses the multistage process of evolving new taxa caused by eustatic fluctuations, ecological stress, and evolutionary selection. Drawing on his decades of intensive field work, the author defines three western Atlantic molluscan provinces and 15 subprovinces based on his Provincial Combined Index, a modern refinement of Valentine’s 50% rule. The faunal provinces—Carolinian, Caribbean, and Brazilian—are discussed in detail. The text defines the physical aspects of the provinces using quantitative data, with water temperature as the primary parameter. It discusses the details of the 15 subprovinces—geographically definable faunal subdivisions—as well as provinciatones, transition zones of provincial overlap. The author’s algorithms demonstrate that the bulk of the molluscan biodiversity is concentrated in 40 separate centers of speciation, ranging from Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, south to Argentina. Many of these evolutionary hotspots reside on remote archipelagos and offshore banks as well as within areas of provincial overlap. The text describes some of the more exotic and poorly known areas and presents maps and color photographs of characteristic habitats, index species, and live animals, including over 400 species of rare and seldom seen shells.

How long is Biogeography and Biodiversity of Western Atlantic Mollusks?

Biogeography and Biodiversity of Western Atlantic Mollusks by Edward J. Petuch is 252 pages long, and a total of 63,504 words.

This makes it 85% the length of the average book. It also has 78% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Biogeography and Biodiversity of Western Atlantic Mollusks Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 5 hours and 47 minutes to read Biogeography and Biodiversity of Western Atlantic Mollusks aloud.

What Reading Level is Biogeography and Biodiversity of Western Atlantic Mollusks?

Biogeography and Biodiversity of Western Atlantic Mollusks is suitable for students ages 12 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Biogeography and Biodiversity of Western Atlantic Mollusks?

Biogeography and Biodiversity of Western Atlantic Mollusks by Edward J. Petuch is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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