How Long to Read CaMKKbeta/AMPK Negatively Regulates Adiposity

How Long Does it Take to Read CaMKKbeta/AMPK Negatively Regulates Adiposity?

It takes the average reader 1 hour and 36 minutes to read CaMKKbeta/AMPK Negatively Regulates Adiposity by I-Chen Peng

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

Lipid synthesis and storage in adipose tissues contribute to energy homeostasis, which is inversely regulated by activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Here, I report that Ca [superscript 2+] /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase [Beta] (CaMKK[Beta]) negatively regulates lipogenesis in adipocytes through its phosphorylation of AMPK. Specifically, the glucagon-activated CaMKK[Beta]/AMPK cascade inhibits acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) activity through the phosphorylation of ACC both in vitro and in vivo. Fasting increases but refeeding decreases the phosphorylation of AMPK and ACC in CaMKK[Beta] +/+ but not CaMKK[Beta] -/- mice. Under ad libitum feeding, the increased expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c)-mediated lipogenic gene is concurrent with decreased phosphorylation of AMPK-regulated ACC in white adipose tissue (WAT) of CaMKK[Beta] -/- mice. In line with the inhibitory role of CaMKK[Beta] in lipid synthesis and storage, CaMKK[Beta] -/- mice exhibit increased body weight, adiposity, and adipocyte hypertrophy, although their appetite is comparable with the CaMKK[Beta] +/+ littermates. Additionally, metformin, an AMPK activator, does not increase the phosphorylation of AMPK and ACC in WAT of CaMKK[Beta] -/- mice. Thus, the CaMKK[Beta]/AMPK signaling is an important molecular event in physiological and pharmacological (e.g., metformin) regulation of adiposity.

How long is CaMKKbeta/AMPK Negatively Regulates Adiposity?

CaMKKbeta/AMPK Negatively Regulates Adiposity by I-Chen Peng is 95 pages long, and a total of 24,225 words.

This makes it 32% the length of the average book. It also has 30% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read CaMKKbeta/AMPK Negatively Regulates Adiposity Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 2 hours and 12 minutes to read CaMKKbeta/AMPK Negatively Regulates Adiposity aloud.

What Reading Level is CaMKKbeta/AMPK Negatively Regulates Adiposity?

CaMKKbeta/AMPK Negatively Regulates Adiposity is suitable for students ages 10 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

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