How Long to Read Causality from the Point of View of Statistics

How Long Does it Take to Read Causality from the Point of View of Statistics?

It takes the average reader 3 hours and 31 minutes to read Causality from the Point of View of Statistics by Jose A. Ferreira

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

Most are familiar with the adage “correlation does not imply causation.” Since much of science is concerned with problems of causality and statistics is so widely used in research, one may wonder whether statistics possesses the tools to study such problems and contribute to their resolution. These were the questions posed over thirty years ago by Pearl, Robins, Rubin, Shafer, etc. when they set out to incorporate notions of causality into statistics theory and develop methods for estimating causal relationships. Since then, the schools of “statistical causality” they founded have produced interesting results and methods that help us think about causality and are potentially useful in real-life problems. Yet, despite its appeal, statistical causality is still disregarded by many “mainstream” statisticians, and its methods are not widely known. In part this is explained by the unorthodox and apparently disparate character of the various schools, in particular by the distinct languages they developed and that are not readily accessible. Thus, even some advanced researchers seemed startled by things like Rubin’s “counterfactuals” that in one guise or another appear in all theories but that seem potentially incompatible with Kolmogorov’s formalism, the very foundation of statistics. It turns out that statistical causality is firmly rooted in Kolmogorov’s axiomatization of probability as the elements required by it are essentially those proposed a century ago by Steinhaus, and, perhaps surprisingly, that statistics has always engaged with causality. The present book makes this plain, providing a basis for statistical causality that subsumes and reconciles the theories of all other schools and that to a mainstream statistician will appear entirely familiar and natural.

How long is Causality from the Point of View of Statistics?

Causality from the Point of View of Statistics by Jose A. Ferreira is 211 pages long, and a total of 52,961 words.

This makes it 71% the length of the average book. It also has 65% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Causality from the Point of View of Statistics Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 4 hours and 49 minutes to read Causality from the Point of View of Statistics aloud.

What Reading Level is Causality from the Point of View of Statistics?

Causality from the Point of View of Statistics is suitable for students ages 12 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Causality from the Point of View of Statistics?

Causality from the Point of View of Statistics by Jose A. Ferreira is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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