How Long to Read Cold-Ion Populations and Cold-Electron Populations in the Earth’s Magnetosphere and Their Impact on the System, 2nd edition

How Long Does it Take to Read Cold-Ion Populations and Cold-Electron Populations in the Earth’s Magnetosphere and Their Impact on the System, 2nd edition?

It takes the average reader 3 hours and 45 minutes to read Cold-Ion Populations and Cold-Electron Populations in the Earth’s Magnetosphere and Their Impact on the System, 2nd edition by Joseph E. Borovsky

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

Cold-ion populations and cold-electron populations are extremely difficult to measure in the Earth’s magnetosphere, and their properties, evolutions, and controlling factors are poorly understood. They are sometimes referred to as the “hidden populations”. But they are known to have multiple impacts on the behavior of the global magnetospheric system. These impacts include (a) the reduction of the dayside reconnection rate and consequently the reduction of solar-wind/magnetosphere coupling, (b) alteration of the growth rate and saturation amplitudes of plasma waves resulting in alterations of the energization rates of the radiation belts, (c) changes in plasma-wave properties resulting in changes in the loss rates of the ring current and radiation belts, (d) changes in the mass density of the magnetosphere resulting in changes in the radial diffusion of the radiation belts, (e) spatial and temporal structuring of the aurora, (f) altering magnetotail reconnection, (g) changing spacecraft charging, and (h) acting as sources for warm and hot magnetospheric populations. A recent workshop on the cold-particle populations of the magnetosphere inspired new work on the outstanding problems caused by a lack of understanding of those cold populations. This Research Topic will collect reports of that new work and will stimulate the formation of author teams to write review articles on what is known and what needs to be known. Commentaries assessing the present situation and guiding the research field into the future will be solicited from the community. Methods articles describing new measurement techniques and new spaceflight mission concepts will be welcomed.

How long is Cold-Ion Populations and Cold-Electron Populations in the Earth’s Magnetosphere and Their Impact on the System, 2nd edition?

Cold-Ion Populations and Cold-Electron Populations in the Earth’s Magnetosphere and Their Impact on the System, 2nd edition by Joseph E. Borovsky is 223 pages long, and a total of 56,419 words.

This makes it 75% the length of the average book. It also has 69% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Cold-Ion Populations and Cold-Electron Populations in the Earth’s Magnetosphere and Their Impact on the System, 2nd edition Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 5 hours and 8 minutes to read Cold-Ion Populations and Cold-Electron Populations in the Earth’s Magnetosphere and Their Impact on the System, 2nd edition aloud.

What Reading Level is Cold-Ion Populations and Cold-Electron Populations in the Earth’s Magnetosphere and Their Impact on the System, 2nd edition?

Cold-Ion Populations and Cold-Electron Populations in the Earth’s Magnetosphere and Their Impact on the System, 2nd edition is suitable for students ages 12 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Cold-Ion Populations and Cold-Electron Populations in the Earth’s Magnetosphere and Their Impact on the System, 2nd edition?

Cold-Ion Populations and Cold-Electron Populations in the Earth’s Magnetosphere and Their Impact on the System, 2nd edition by Joseph E. Borovsky is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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