How Long to Read Cost Estimates for Flood Resilience and Protection Strategies in New York City, Volume 1294

How Long Does it Take to Read Cost Estimates for Flood Resilience and Protection Strategies in New York City, Volume 1294?

It takes the average reader to read Cost Estimates for Flood Resilience and Protection Strategies in New York City, Volume 1294 by Editorial Staff of Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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Description

In the aftermaths of Hurricanes Irene, in 2011, and Sandy, in 2012, New York City has come to recognize the critical need to better prepare for future storm surges and to anticipate future trends, such as climate change and socioeconomic developments. This Annals volume presents research that assesses the costs of six different flood management strategies to anticipate long-term challenges the City will face. The proposed strategies vary from increasing resilience by upgrading building codes and introducing small scale protection measures, to creating green infrastructure asbuffer zones and large protective engineering works such as storm surge barriers. The initial investment costs of alternative strategies vary between $11.6 and $23.8 bn, maximally. This report shows that a hybrid solution, combining protection of critical infrastructure and resilience measures that can be upgraded over time, is less expensive. However, with increasing risk in the future, storm surge barriers may become cost-effective, as they can provide protection to the largest areas in both New York and New Jersey.

How long is Cost Estimates for Flood Resilience and Protection Strategies in New York City, Volume 1294?

Cost Estimates for Flood Resilience and Protection Strategies in New York City, Volume 1294 by Editorial Staff of Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences is 0 pages long, and a total of 0 words.

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How Long Does it Take to Read Cost Estimates for Flood Resilience and Protection Strategies in New York City, Volume 1294 Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes to read Cost Estimates for Flood Resilience and Protection Strategies in New York City, Volume 1294 aloud.

What Reading Level is Cost Estimates for Flood Resilience and Protection Strategies in New York City, Volume 1294?

Cost Estimates for Flood Resilience and Protection Strategies in New York City, Volume 1294 is suitable for students ages 2 and up.

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