How Long to Read Ecology and Recovery of Eastern Old-Growth Forests

How Long Does it Take to Read Ecology and Recovery of Eastern Old-Growth Forests?

It takes the average reader 6 hours and 4 minutes to read Ecology and Recovery of Eastern Old-Growth Forests by Andrew M. Barton

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

The landscapes of North America, including eastern forests, have been shaped by humans for millennia, through fire, agriculture, hunting, and other means. But the arrival of Europeans on America’s eastern shores several centuries ago ushered in the rapid conversion of forests and woodlands to other land uses. By the twentieth century, it appeared that old-growth forests in the eastern United States were gone, replaced by cities, farms, transportation networks, and second-growth forests. Since that time, however, numerous remnants of eastern old growth have been discovered, meticulously mapped, and studied. Many of these ancient stands retain surprisingly robust complexity and vigor, and forest ecologists are eager to develop strategies for their restoration and for nurturing additional stands of old growth that will foster biological diversity, reduce impacts of climate change, and serve as benchmarks for how natural systems operate. Forest ecologists William Keeton and Andrew Barton bring together a volume that breaks new ground in our understanding of ecological systems and their importance for forest resilience in an age of rapid environmental change. This edited volume covers a broad geographic canvas, from eastern Canada and the Upper Great Lakes states to the deep South. It looks at a wide diversity of ecosystems, including spruce-fir, northern deciduous, southern Appalachian deciduous, southern swamp hardwoods, and longleaf pine. Chapters authored by leading old-growth experts examine topics of contemporary forest ecology including forest structure and dynamics, below-ground soil processes, biological diversity, differences between historical and modern forests, carbon and climate change mitigation, management of old growth, and more. This thoughtful treatise broadly communicates important new discoveries to scientists, land managers, and students and breathes fresh life into the hope for sensible, effective management of old-growth stands in eastern forests.

How long is Ecology and Recovery of Eastern Old-Growth Forests?

Ecology and Recovery of Eastern Old-Growth Forests by Andrew M. Barton is 362 pages long, and a total of 91,224 words.

This makes it 122% the length of the average book. It also has 111% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Ecology and Recovery of Eastern Old-Growth Forests Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 8 hours and 18 minutes to read Ecology and Recovery of Eastern Old-Growth Forests aloud.

What Reading Level is Ecology and Recovery of Eastern Old-Growth Forests?

Ecology and Recovery of Eastern Old-Growth Forests is suitable for students ages 12 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Ecology and Recovery of Eastern Old-Growth Forests?

Ecology and Recovery of Eastern Old-Growth Forests by Andrew M. Barton is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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