How Long to Read Effects of Thrombin on the Migration of Primary Osteogenic Cells Through Fibrin-filled Scaffolds [microform]

How Long Does it Take to Read Effects of Thrombin on the Migration of Primary Osteogenic Cells Through Fibrin-filled Scaffolds [microform]?

It takes the average reader 4 hours and 40 minutes to read Effects of Thrombin on the Migration of Primary Osteogenic Cells Through Fibrin-filled Scaffolds [microform] by Jeffrey M. (Jeffrey Michael) Karp

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

This thesis is directed towards a bone tissue engineering strategy that would maximize osteogenic cell invasion into the bony defect. Through culturing primary bone marrow cells under osteogenic culture conditions on PLGA 3-D scaffolds and examining the interface with SEM, TEM and EDS, a candidate PLGA scaffold was demonstrated to support direct bone contact. In an attempt to stimulate maximal invasion of host bone tissue in vivo, fibrin, the natural migration matrix of the blood clot, was investigated as a candidate scaffold pore-filling matrix. Scaffolds filled with fibrin, polymerized with either a low thrombin concentration (LTF) or a high thrombin concentration (HTF), were implanted into drill hole defects in the distal femurs of rats. The area of bone formed at 2, 5 and 11 days post implantation was determined histomorphometrically. After 5 days, scaffolds filled with HTF had 2.2 +/- 1.2% of their available area occupied by bone compared to 8.9 +/- 3.0% for empty scaffolds (p = 0.045, n = 3--4), but no statistical difference was found between the empty scaffolds and the scaffolds filled with LTF (p = 0.976, n = 3--4) which had 8.1 +/- 1.4% of their available area occupied by bone. However, after 11 days there was & sim;50% less bone formed within the fibrin filled scaffolds compared to the empty scaffolds (p = 0.003, n = 3). Given that the thrombin, used to polymerize the fibrin, can also stimulate cell migration, the role of thrombin in osteogenic cell migration was investigated. It was shown, using a scratch wound assay, that thrombin stimulated a 2.1 +/- 0.7 (p = 0.042, n = 7) fold increase in cell migration and a common motogenic factor, PDGF-BB stimulated a 3.0 +/- 0.4 fold increase (p = 0.004, n = 3). When a modified Boyden chamber assay was combined with a bone nodule assay, primary cells that had migrated in the presence of thrombin formed 50% (p = 0.040, n = 7) more bone nodules compared to the condition without thrombin. This work has shown that the migration of osteogenic cells, through fibrin-filled PLGA scaffolds that support direct bone contact, can be modulated by altering the thrombin concentration present during fibrin polymerization, and that thrombin has the capacity to stimulate the migration of osteoprogenitor cells and increase bone formation by the migrated cells.

How long is Effects of Thrombin on the Migration of Primary Osteogenic Cells Through Fibrin-filled Scaffolds [microform]?

Effects of Thrombin on the Migration of Primary Osteogenic Cells Through Fibrin-filled Scaffolds [microform] by Jeffrey M. (Jeffrey Michael) Karp is 280 pages long, and a total of 70,000 words.

This makes it 94% the length of the average book. It also has 86% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Effects of Thrombin on the Migration of Primary Osteogenic Cells Through Fibrin-filled Scaffolds [microform] Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 6 hours and 22 minutes to read Effects of Thrombin on the Migration of Primary Osteogenic Cells Through Fibrin-filled Scaffolds [microform] aloud.

What Reading Level is Effects of Thrombin on the Migration of Primary Osteogenic Cells Through Fibrin-filled Scaffolds [microform]?

Effects of Thrombin on the Migration of Primary Osteogenic Cells Through Fibrin-filled Scaffolds [microform] is suitable for students ages 12 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

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