How Long to Read Evolution and Senses

How Long Does it Take to Read Evolution and Senses?

It takes the average reader and 47 minutes to read Evolution and Senses by Yoshinori Shichida

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

This book focuses on sensing and the evolution of animals. Using the five senses (visual, auditory, and olfactory perception, and taste and touch), animals can receive environmental stimuli and respond to them. Changes in these sensitivities might cause changes in aspects of animals’ lives such as habitat, activity timing, and diet—and vice versa. Recent advances in genome and molecular analysis enable us to investigate certain changes in the receptors or mechanisms involved in sensing and provide clues for understanding the evolution of animals related to those changes. The first chapter deals with the molecular evolution of opsins. In addition to the well-known function of opsins as visual receptors, opsins can be related to non-visual photoreception such as photoentrainment of circadian rhythm, photoperiodism, and background adaptation. Molecular phylogenic studies reveal that all opsin genes have evolved from one ancient opsin gene. The evaluation of the functions of each extant opsin protein based on the molecular features enables us to predict the molecular evolution and diversification of opsins during the evolution of animals. These studies shed light on which amino-acid substitutions cause the functional diversification of opsins and how they have influenced the evolution of animals. The second chapter has to do with bitter taste perception, a key detection mechanism against the ingestion of bioactive substances. Genetic and behavioral evidence reveal the existence of "non-taster" Japanese macaques for specific bitter compounds, which originated in a restricted region of Japan. This finding might provide a clue for elucidating the ecological, evolutionary, and neurobiological aspects of bitter taste perception of primates. The third chapter presents an extreme example of the evolution of olfaction, namely, that fully aquatic amniotes have generally reduced their olfactory capacity considerably compared to their terrestrial relatives. Interestingly, the remaining olfactory abilities are quite different among three fully aquatic amniotes investigated: toothed whales have no nervous system structures that mediate olfaction, but baleen whales can smell in air, and it has been suggested that sea snakes smell underwater.

How long is Evolution and Senses?

Evolution and Senses by Yoshinori Shichida is 46 pages long, and a total of 11,776 words.

This makes it 16% the length of the average book. It also has 14% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Evolution and Senses Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 1 hour and 4 minutes to read Evolution and Senses aloud.

What Reading Level is Evolution and Senses?

Evolution and Senses is suitable for students ages 8 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Evolution and Senses?

Evolution and Senses by Yoshinori Shichida is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

To buy Evolution and Senses by Yoshinori Shichida on Amazon click the button below.