How Long to Read Fair Weather or Foul? The Macroeconomic Effects of El Niño

How Long Does it Take to Read Fair Weather or Foul? The Macroeconomic Effects of El Niño?

It takes the average reader and 30 minutes to read Fair Weather or Foul? The Macroeconomic Effects of El Niño by Mr.Paul Cashin

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

This paper employs a dynamic multi-country framework to analyze the international macroeconomic transmission of El Niño weather shocks. This framework comprises 21 country/region-specific models, estimated over the period 1979Q2 to 2013Q1, and accounts for not only direct exposures of countries to El Niño shocks but also indirect effects through thirdmarkets. We contribute to the climate-macroeconomy literature by exploiting exogenous variation in El Niño weather events over time, and their impact on different regions crosssectionally, to causatively identify the effects of El Niño shocks on growth, inflation, energy and non-fuel commodity prices. The results show that there are considerable heterogeneities in the responses of different countries to El Niño shocks. While Australia, Chile, Indonesia, India, Japan, New Zealand and South Africa face a short-lived fall in economic activity in response to an El Niño shock, for other countries (including the United States and European region), an El Niño occurrence has a growth-enhancing effect. Furthermore, most countries in our sample experience short-run inflationary pressures as both energy and non-fuel commodity prices increase. Given these findings, macroeconomic policy formulation should take into consideration the likelihood and effects of El Niño weather episodes.

How long is Fair Weather or Foul? The Macroeconomic Effects of El Niño?

Fair Weather or Foul? The Macroeconomic Effects of El Niño by Mr.Paul Cashin is 30 pages long, and a total of 7,500 words.

This makes it 10% the length of the average book. It also has 9% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Fair Weather or Foul? The Macroeconomic Effects of El Niño Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes and 40 minutes to read Fair Weather or Foul? The Macroeconomic Effects of El Niño aloud.

What Reading Level is Fair Weather or Foul? The Macroeconomic Effects of El Niño?

Fair Weather or Foul? The Macroeconomic Effects of El Niño is suitable for students ages 8 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

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