How Long to Read Fish Swimming in Turbulent Waters

How Long Does it Take to Read Fish Swimming in Turbulent Waters?

It takes the average reader 3 hours and 3 minutes to read Fish Swimming in Turbulent Waters by Hubert Chanson

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

Low-level river crossings, including culverts, are important for delivering a range of valuable socioeconomic services, including transportation and hydrological control. These structures are also known to have negative impacts on freshwater river system morphology and ecology, including the blockage of upstream fish passage, particularly small-body-mass fish species. Given the enormous environmental problems created by road crossings, new hydraulic engineering guidelines are proposed for fish-friendly multi-cell box culvert designs. The focus of these guidelines is on smooth box culverts without appurtenance, with a novel approach based upon three basic concepts: (I) the culvert design is optimized for fish passage for small to medium water discharges, and for flood capacity for larger discharges, (II) low-velocity zones are provided along the wetted perimeter in the culvert barrel, and quantified in terms of a fraction of the wetted flow area where the local longitudinal velocity is less than a characteristic fish speed linked to swimming performances of targeted fish species, and (III) the culvert barrel is smooth, without any other form of boundary treatment and appurtenance. The present monograph develops a number of practical considerations, in particular relevant to box culvert operations for less-than-design discharges. It is argued that upstream fish passage capabilities would imply a revised approach to maintenance, in part linked to the targeted fish species. This reference work is authored for civil and environmental engineers, as well as biology and ecology scientists interested in culvert design. While the book is aimed to professionals, the material is also lectured in postgraduate courses and in professional short courses.

How long is Fish Swimming in Turbulent Waters?

Fish Swimming in Turbulent Waters by Hubert Chanson is 182 pages long, and a total of 45,864 words.

This makes it 61% the length of the average book. It also has 56% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Fish Swimming in Turbulent Waters Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 4 hours and 10 minutes to read Fish Swimming in Turbulent Waters aloud.

What Reading Level is Fish Swimming in Turbulent Waters?

Fish Swimming in Turbulent Waters is suitable for students ages 10 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Fish Swimming in Turbulent Waters?

Fish Swimming in Turbulent Waters by Hubert Chanson is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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