How Long to Read Gmelin Po.Polonium Suppl Vol (closed) 1

How Long Does it Take to Read Gmelin Po.Polonium Suppl Vol (closed) 1?

It takes the average reader 7 hours and 13 minutes to read Gmelin Po.Polonium Suppl Vol (closed) 1 by Kenneth W. Bagnall

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

Mme. Curie discovered polonium as a part of her doctoral thesis research. Polonium was the first element to be discovered solely because of its inherent radioactivity. Because there was no knowledge of polonium's chemical properties, the separation steps were followed using only the increase in the specific radioactivity. The first Gmelin Polonium volume, edited in 1941, shows how little was known about polonium for a long time. More detailed investigations on this element were performed only after World War II when the handling of large quantities of highly radioactive nuclides had been developed. Most information on this heaviest Main Group VI element comes from investigations on the tracer scale, especially data that describe its behavior in solution. On the other hand, many solid compounds, such as halides, oxides, and metal polonides as well as the metal itself, are produced in weighable amounts so that structural data are also available. However, these data are far from complete so there is a wide-open field for future research, especially by using the newly developed ultramicrotechniques for preparation and identification of radioactive compounds in the nano- to microgram range. The present volume of the Gmelin Handbook, Polonium Suppl. Vol. 1, gives a very clear, critical, and updated picture of the different aspects of the behavior of polonium - from chemical and physical properties to production, from the nuclear properties of the 29 isotopes to its biological and environmental behavior, and finally to the use of polonium in a variety of applications. Because of the interest in this element has decreased markedly in recent years (apart from its environmental behavior), this volume will be a special and unique source for polonium information for a long time. It also clearly shows that large gaps in our knowledge of this rare natural radioelement still exist. Consequently the volume can serve as a guide to future research initiatives.

How long is Gmelin Po.Polonium Suppl Vol (closed) 1?

Gmelin Po.Polonium Suppl Vol (closed) 1 by Kenneth W. Bagnall is 425 pages long, and a total of 108,375 words.

This makes it 143% the length of the average book. It also has 132% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Gmelin Po.Polonium Suppl Vol (closed) 1 Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 9 hours and 52 minutes to read Gmelin Po.Polonium Suppl Vol (closed) 1 aloud.

What Reading Level is Gmelin Po.Polonium Suppl Vol (closed) 1?

Gmelin Po.Polonium Suppl Vol (closed) 1 is suitable for students ages 12 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Gmelin Po.Polonium Suppl Vol (closed) 1?

Gmelin Po.Polonium Suppl Vol (closed) 1 by Kenneth W. Bagnall is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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