How Long to Read Guide for In-Place Treatment of Wood in Historic Covered and Modern Bridges

How Long Does it Take to Read Guide for In-Place Treatment of Wood in Historic Covered and Modern Bridges?

It takes the average reader and 49 minutes to read Guide for In-Place Treatment of Wood in Historic Covered and Modern Bridges by Stan Lebow

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

Historic covered bridges and current timber bridges can be vulnerable to damage from biodeterioration or fire. This guide describes procedures for selecting and applying inplace treatments to prevent or arrest these forms of degradation. Vulnerable areas for biodeterioration in covered bridges include members contacting abutments, members near the ends of bridges subject to wetting from splashing and members below windows or other openings that allow entry of wind-blown precipitation. Pressure-treated timber bridge members can be vulnerable when untreated wood is exposed by field fabrication or by the development of drying checks. The objective of an in-place preservative treatment is to distribute preservative into areas of a structure that are vulnerable to moisture accumulation and/or not protected by the original pressure treatment. Types of field treatments range from finishes, to boron rods or pastes, to fumigants. A limitation of in-place treatments is that they cannot be forced deeply into the wood as is done in pressure-treatment processes. However, some can be applied into the center of large members via treatment holes. These preservatives may be available as liquids, rods or pastes. Bridge members can be treated with fire retardants to delay ignition, reduce heat release, and slow the spread of flames. In-place coating products are available to reduce surface flammability, but these coatings may need to be reapplied on a regular basis if exposed to weathering. For more integrated protection, fire retardant treatment of bridge members may be combined with other forms of protection such as lights, alarms, sprinklers and monitoring systems.

How long is Guide for In-Place Treatment of Wood in Historic Covered and Modern Bridges?

Guide for In-Place Treatment of Wood in Historic Covered and Modern Bridges by Stan Lebow is 48 pages long, and a total of 12,384 words.

This makes it 16% the length of the average book. It also has 15% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Guide for In-Place Treatment of Wood in Historic Covered and Modern Bridges Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 1 hour and 7 minutes to read Guide for In-Place Treatment of Wood in Historic Covered and Modern Bridges aloud.

What Reading Level is Guide for In-Place Treatment of Wood in Historic Covered and Modern Bridges?

Guide for In-Place Treatment of Wood in Historic Covered and Modern Bridges is suitable for students ages 8 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Guide for In-Place Treatment of Wood in Historic Covered and Modern Bridges?

Guide for In-Place Treatment of Wood in Historic Covered and Modern Bridges by Stan Lebow is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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