How Long to Read Introduction to Toric Varieties. (AM-131), Volume 131

How Long Does it Take to Read Introduction to Toric Varieties. (AM-131), Volume 131?

It takes the average reader 3 hours to read Introduction to Toric Varieties. (AM-131), Volume 131 by William Fulton

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

Toric varieties are algebraic varieties arising from elementary geometric and combinatorial objects such as convex polytopes in Euclidean space with vertices on lattice points. Since many algebraic geometry notions such as singularities, birational maps, cycles, homology, intersection theory, and Riemann-Roch translate into simple facts about polytopes, toric varieties provide a marvelous source of examples in algebraic geometry. In the other direction, general facts from algebraic geometry have implications for such polytopes, such as to the problem of the number of lattice points they contain. In spite of the fact that toric varieties are very special in the spectrum of all algebraic varieties, they provide a remarkably useful testing ground for general theories. The aim of this mini-course is to develop the foundations of the study of toric varieties, with examples, and describe some of these relations and applications. The text concludes with Stanley's theorem characterizing the numbers of simplicies in each dimension in a convex simplicial polytope. Although some general theorems are quoted without proof, the concrete interpretations via simplicial geometry should make the text accessible to beginners in algebraic geometry.

How long is Introduction to Toric Varieties. (AM-131), Volume 131?

Introduction to Toric Varieties. (AM-131), Volume 131 by William Fulton is 180 pages long, and a total of 45,000 words.

This makes it 61% the length of the average book. It also has 55% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Introduction to Toric Varieties. (AM-131), Volume 131 Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 4 hours and 5 minutes to read Introduction to Toric Varieties. (AM-131), Volume 131 aloud.

What Reading Level is Introduction to Toric Varieties. (AM-131), Volume 131?

Introduction to Toric Varieties. (AM-131), Volume 131 is suitable for students ages 10 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Introduction to Toric Varieties. (AM-131), Volume 131?

Introduction to Toric Varieties. (AM-131), Volume 131 by William Fulton is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

To buy Introduction to Toric Varieties. (AM-131), Volume 131 by William Fulton on Amazon click the button below.