How Long to Read Invertebrate Learning and Memory

How Long Does it Take to Read Invertebrate Learning and Memory?

It takes the average reader 10 hours to read Invertebrate Learning and Memory by Michael Schleyer

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

The brain is the organ of behavior organization. It structures the solution to the problem of what to do. This is complicated because usually we cannot be certain which behavior would be relatively the best. These processes, taking place between the moment when an uncertainty between behavioral options is recognized and the actual expression of behavior, we regard as ‘taking a decision.’ Such decision making needs to integrate (1) sensory input, (2) the current status reflecting evolutionary and individual history, (3) the available behavioral options, and (4) their expected outcomes. We focus on the decision to behaviorally express an associative memory trace—or not. After sketching the architecture of the chemobehavioral system in larval Drosophila, we present a working hypothesis of odor–taste associative memory trace formation and then discuss whether outcome expectations contribute to the organization of conditioned behavior. We argue that indeed conditioned olfactory behavior is organized according to its expected outcome, namely toward finding reward or escaping punishment, respectively. Conditioned olfactory behaviors are thus not responsive in nature but, rather, are actions expressed for the sake of the sought-for reward and the attempted relief. In addition to the organization of such outcome expectations, we discuss parametric features (‘axes’) of behavioral tasks that we believe bear upon the decision character of the underlying process and discuss whether these features can be found, or may reasonably be sought for, in larval Drosophila. It is argued that rather than trying to draw a line between behavioral processes that reflect decisions and those that are not, it is more useful to ask how strong the decision character of a given behavioral faculty is?

How long is Invertebrate Learning and Memory?

Invertebrate Learning and Memory by Michael Schleyer is 600 pages long, and a total of 150,000 words.

This makes it 202% the length of the average book. It also has 183% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Invertebrate Learning and Memory Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 13 hours and 39 minutes to read Invertebrate Learning and Memory aloud.

What Reading Level is Invertebrate Learning and Memory?

Invertebrate Learning and Memory is suitable for students ages 12 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Invertebrate Learning and Memory?

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