How Long to Read Laser Manipulation of Atoms and Ions

How Long Does it Take to Read Laser Manipulation of Atoms and Ions?

It takes the average reader 13 hours and 40 minutes to read Laser Manipulation of Atoms and Ions by E. Arimondo

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

The recent fascinating progress on laser cooling is the result of the close connection between theoretical work and the rapid technological advances in laser sources, particularly in the field of powerful semiconductor and solid-state lasers operating over a wide range of optical and near-infrared frequencies. The very close international and personal collaboration amongst the researchers resulting in a direct link between experimental data and theoretical calculations which characterize work in this field, have been important factors in the rapid comprehension of the subtle and beautiful phenomena involved in laser manipulation. This Enrico Fermi school is the first formal school fully devoted to this topic. The theoretical part of the book includes contributions on the framework for the study of the photon momentum exchanges in the absence of relaxation, recent mechanisms of laser cooling, an analysis of the cooling forces, analysis of atomic and molecular beams, cooling through coherent population trapping and the relation between laser cooling and quantum nondemolition measurements. The experimental section deals with topics such as, an analysis of atomic and molecular beams, methods and applications of laser cooling, advances in laser cooling and the new exciting field of atomic interferometry. All students and researchers working in this field will welcome this excellent review of research and progress in laser cooling, so strongly linked to the fundamental understanding of physics.

How long is Laser Manipulation of Atoms and Ions?

Laser Manipulation of Atoms and Ions by E. Arimondo is 820 pages long, and a total of 205,000 words.

This makes it 277% the length of the average book. It also has 251% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Laser Manipulation of Atoms and Ions Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 18 hours and 40 minutes to read Laser Manipulation of Atoms and Ions aloud.

What Reading Level is Laser Manipulation of Atoms and Ions?

Laser Manipulation of Atoms and Ions is suitable for students ages 12 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Laser Manipulation of Atoms and Ions?

Laser Manipulation of Atoms and Ions by E. Arimondo is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

To buy Laser Manipulation of Atoms and Ions by E. Arimondo on Amazon click the button below.