How Long to Read LED Packaging for Lighting Applications

How Long Does it Take to Read LED Packaging for Lighting Applications?

It takes the average reader 6 hours and 22 minutes to read LED Packaging for Lighting Applications by Shen Liu

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

Since the first light-emitting diode (LED) was invented by Holonyak and Bevacqua in 1962, LEDs have made remarkable progress in the past few decades with the rapid development of epitaxy growth, chip design and manufacture, packaging structure, processes, and packaging materials. LEDs have superior characteristics such as high efficiency, small size, long life, low power consumption, and high reliability. The market for white LED is growing rapidly in various applications. It has been widely accepted that white LEDs will be the fourth illumination source to substitute the incandescent, fluorescent, and high-pressure sodium lamps. With the development of LED chip and packaging technologies, the efficiency of high power white LED will broaden the application markets of LEDs while changing the lighting concepts of our lives. In LED Packaging for Lighting Applications, Professors Liu and Luo cover the full spectrum of design, manufacturing, and testing. Many concepts are proposed for the first time, and readers will benefit from the concurrent engineering and co-design approaches to advanced engineering design of LED products. One of the only books to cover LEDs from package design to manufacturing to testing Focuses on the design of LED packaging and its applications such as road lights Includes design methods and experiences necessary for LED engineers, especially optical and thermal design Introduces novel LED packaging structures and manufacturing processes, such as ASLP Covers reliability considerations, the most challenging problem for the LED industry Provides measurement and testing standards, which are critical for LED development, for both LED and LED fixtures Codes and demonstrations available from the book’s Companion Website This book is ideal for practicing engineers working in design or packaging at LED companies and graduate students preparing for work in industry. This book also provides a helpful introduction for advanced undergraduates, graduates, researchers, lighting designers, and product managers interested in the fundamentals of LED design and production. Color version of selected figures can be found at www.wiley.com/go/liu/led

How long is LED Packaging for Lighting Applications?

LED Packaging for Lighting Applications by Shen Liu is 375 pages long, and a total of 95,625 words.

This makes it 127% the length of the average book. It also has 117% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read LED Packaging for Lighting Applications Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 8 hours and 42 minutes to read LED Packaging for Lighting Applications aloud.

What Reading Level is LED Packaging for Lighting Applications?

LED Packaging for Lighting Applications is suitable for students ages 12 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy LED Packaging for Lighting Applications?

LED Packaging for Lighting Applications by Shen Liu is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

To buy LED Packaging for Lighting Applications by Shen Liu on Amazon click the button below.