How Long to Read Legitimacy of anticipatory self defence

How Long Does it Take to Read Legitimacy of anticipatory self defence?

It takes the average reader and 9 minutes to read Legitimacy of anticipatory self defence by Robert Fiedler

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

Essay from the year 2008 in the subject Politics - International Politics - Topic: Peace and Conflict Studies, Security, grade: 1,1, Macquarie University, language: English, abstract: During the last decades, terrorism has become a serious threat for the national security in almost every region worldwide. Today, the threat of terrorism committed by international acting individuals and groups addresses not only military or police objectives. Furthermore, the number of civilian casualties is rising continuously and states are forced to find a solution how to cope with trans-national terrorism. Not only after the devastating terrorist attacks of 9/11 self-defence has been a convenient justification of violent and military measures to combat terrorists even beyond national borders. In fact, the use of force against states that harbour or support terrorists and terrorist groups in other nations has been a common deterrent. Yet, since September 11, 2001 the fight against terrorism has reached new dimensions, with states resorting to pre-emptive strikes against terrorism in other nations, a policy best expressed in the New Security Strategy of the United States stating that “The greater the threat, the greater is the risk of inaction— and the more compelling the case for taking anticipatory action to defend ourselves, even if uncertainty remains as to the time and place of the enemy’s attack. To forestall or prevent such hostile acts by our adversaries, the United States will, if necessary, act pre-emptively” (The National Security Strategy of the United States, September 2007). Yet, it is highly contested if this policy can be justified as a permissible use of force under Article 51 of the UN Charta in the wake of ongoing terrorist activities. Furthermore, the effects of this anti-terror measure are questionable since it is argued that apart from military strikes non-violent means may have similar impacts in order to minimize terrorism and maximize international collective security. By knowing that a comprehensive answer is hardly possible, the following this paper will analyze anticipatory self defence, embedded in the Customary International Law, can be justified under Article 51 of the UN Charta and argue that under certain circumstances it is legitimate for states to use force in anticipation of armed attack. Furthermore, this article will sketch possible non-violent anti-terror measures.

How long is Legitimacy of anticipatory self defence?

Legitimacy of anticipatory self defence by Robert Fiedler is 9 pages long, and a total of 2,331 words.

This makes it 3% the length of the average book. It also has 3% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Legitimacy of anticipatory self defence Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes and 12 minutes to read Legitimacy of anticipatory self defence aloud.

What Reading Level is Legitimacy of anticipatory self defence?

Legitimacy of anticipatory self defence is suitable for students ages 6 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Legitimacy of anticipatory self defence?

Legitimacy of anticipatory self defence by Robert Fiedler is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

To buy Legitimacy of anticipatory self defence by Robert Fiedler on Amazon click the button below.