How Long to Read Local Anesthetics

How Long Does it Take to Read Local Anesthetics?

It takes the average reader 4 hours and 58 minutes to read Local Anesthetics by Gary R. Strichartz

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

Local anesthetics are among the most widely used drugs. Their development over the past century ranges from a documented influence on Freud's Interpretation of Dreams 1 to the synthesis of the ubiquitously popular lidocaine, as described in Chapter 1. For surgical procedures the use of regional, epidural and intrathecal local anesthesia has increased continuously during the past decade. Local anesthetics are also applied by physicians to ameliorate unpleasant sensations and reactions to other procedures, such as tracheal intubation. The presence or the threat of cardiac arrhythmias is often countered by chronic administration oflocal anesthetic-like agents, such as lidocaine or procainamide. Relief of acute pain, accompanying dental manipulations, for example, and of chronic pain are also accomplished with traditional local anesthetics. And over-the-counter formula tions of topical local anesthetics provide practitioners of solar indiscretion welcome relief from their otherwise unaccommodating sunburn. In all these applications the final effect of the local anesthetic is an inhibition of electrical activity, accomplished as a reduction or total blockade of action potentials. The primary site of action is the sodium channel, a transmembrane protein which is essential for the influx of sodium ions that subserves impulse generation and propagation in nerves, skeletal muscle, and heart. The detailed mechanisms oflocal anesthetic action are still being investigated and Chapter 2 of this volume provides a current overview of that subject.

How long is Local Anesthetics?

Local Anesthetics by Gary R. Strichartz is 294 pages long, and a total of 74,676 words.

This makes it 99% the length of the average book. It also has 91% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Local Anesthetics Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 6 hours and 48 minutes to read Local Anesthetics aloud.

What Reading Level is Local Anesthetics?

Local Anesthetics is suitable for students ages 12 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Local Anesthetics?

Local Anesthetics by Gary R. Strichartz is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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