How Long to Read Methamphetamine Induces Monoaminergic Neurotoxicity Via Regionally-specific Activation of Dopamine and Glutamate Receptors

How Long Does it Take to Read Methamphetamine Induces Monoaminergic Neurotoxicity Via Regionally-specific Activation of Dopamine and Glutamate Receptors?

It takes the average reader 2 hours and 12 minutes to read Methamphetamine Induces Monoaminergic Neurotoxicity Via Regionally-specific Activation of Dopamine and Glutamate Receptors by Noah Benjamin Gross

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

Methamphetamine (mAMPH) is a commonly abused synthetic psychostimulant drug that is neurotoxic to the brain. The neurotoxic potential of mAMPH has been observed in a variety of animal species, including monkeys and rodents. mAMPH has also been found to cause neurotoxicity in the central nervous system of human mAMPH abusers. Although these human studies have provided convincing evidence of mAMPH's deleterious effects on the brain, animal studies are better suited to investigate specific brain mechanisms responsible for mAMPH-induced injury. The neurotoxic effects of mAMPH are primarily evident as reductions in several markers of monoaminergic axonal terminal integrity. The terminal injury is mediated by dopamine and glutamate receptors since several studies have demonstrated that systemic administration of various dopamine or glutamate receptor antagonists afford neuroprotection against terminal degeneration. However, systemic administration studies cannot be used to assess mAMPH effects on receptor systems in specific brain regions. The experiments in Chapter 2 utilized a series of infusion studies in which I examined the role of striatal dopamine or glutamate receptors on mAMPH-induced gene expression in the striatum and cortex. The experiments in Chapter 3 were designed to investigate the contribution of striatal dopamine receptors in mediating mAMPH-induced monoaminergic neurotoxicity in brain regions which receive cortical glutamatergic projections. Chapter 4 presents findings examining the contribution of the major types of cortical ionotropic glutamate receptors to mAMPH-induced striatal injury. Overall, the experiments performed for this thesis characterized the contribution of localized dopamine and glutamate receptor activation to mAMPH-induced monoaminergic terminal injury. The overarching theme of this thesis is that mAMPH administration has the potential to destroy monoaminergic axonal terminals throughout the brain via hyperactivation of the recurrent cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical circuitry. This thesis provides a rodent model for understanding the receptor systems and brain regions that are impacted by mAMPH, and will hopefully guide future researchers to further identify mechanisms by which mAMPH usurps the brain's natural resources to produce neurotoxicity.

How long is Methamphetamine Induces Monoaminergic Neurotoxicity Via Regionally-specific Activation of Dopamine and Glutamate Receptors?

Methamphetamine Induces Monoaminergic Neurotoxicity Via Regionally-specific Activation of Dopamine and Glutamate Receptors by Noah Benjamin Gross is 128 pages long, and a total of 33,024 words.

This makes it 43% the length of the average book. It also has 40% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Methamphetamine Induces Monoaminergic Neurotoxicity Via Regionally-specific Activation of Dopamine and Glutamate Receptors Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 3 hours to read Methamphetamine Induces Monoaminergic Neurotoxicity Via Regionally-specific Activation of Dopamine and Glutamate Receptors aloud.

What Reading Level is Methamphetamine Induces Monoaminergic Neurotoxicity Via Regionally-specific Activation of Dopamine and Glutamate Receptors?

Methamphetamine Induces Monoaminergic Neurotoxicity Via Regionally-specific Activation of Dopamine and Glutamate Receptors is suitable for students ages 10 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Methamphetamine Induces Monoaminergic Neurotoxicity Via Regionally-specific Activation of Dopamine and Glutamate Receptors?

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