How Long to Read Physical Processes in Hot Cosmic Plasmas

How Long Does it Take to Read Physical Processes in Hot Cosmic Plasmas?

It takes the average reader 7 hours and 51 minutes to read Physical Processes in Hot Cosmic Plasmas by Wolfgang Brinkmann

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

Gas at temperatures exceeding one million degrees is common in the Universe. Indeed it is likely that most of the gas in the Universe exists in intergalactic space in this form. Such highly-ionized gas, or plasma, is not restricted to the rarefied densities of intergalactic space, but is also found in clusters of galaxies, in galaxies themselves, in the expanding remnants of exploded stars and at higher densities in stars and the collapsed remains of stars up to the highest densities known, which occur in neutron stars. The abundant lower-Z elements, at least, in such gas are completely ionized and the gas acts as a highly conducting plasma. It is therefore subject to many cooperative phenomena, which are often complicated and ill-understood. Many of these processes are, however, well-studied (if not so well-understood) in laboratory plasmas and in the near environment of the Earth. Astronomers therefore have much to learn from plasma physicists working on laboratory and space plasmas and the parameter range studied by the plasma physicists might in turn be broadened by contact with astronomers. With that in mind, a NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Physical Processes in Hot Cosmic Plasmas was organized and took place in the Eolian Hotel, Vulcano, Italy on May 29 to June 2 1989. This book contains the Proceedings of that Workshop.

How long is Physical Processes in Hot Cosmic Plasmas?

Physical Processes in Hot Cosmic Plasmas by Wolfgang Brinkmann is 464 pages long, and a total of 117,856 words.

This makes it 157% the length of the average book. It also has 144% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Physical Processes in Hot Cosmic Plasmas Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 10 hours and 44 minutes to read Physical Processes in Hot Cosmic Plasmas aloud.

What Reading Level is Physical Processes in Hot Cosmic Plasmas?

Physical Processes in Hot Cosmic Plasmas is suitable for students ages 12 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Physical Processes in Hot Cosmic Plasmas?

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