How Long to Read Progress of the Personal Income Tax in Emerging and Developing Countries

How Long Does it Take to Read Progress of the Personal Income Tax in Emerging and Developing Countries?

It takes the average reader and 36 minutes to read Progress of the Personal Income Tax in Emerging and Developing Countries by Ms. Dora Benedek

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

Personal Income Tax (PIT) is one of the key sources of revenues in Advanced Economies (AEs) but plays a much more limited role in Low-Income Developing Countries (LIDCs) and Emerging Market Economies (EMEs), both in terms of revenue and redistributive impact. Notwithstanding, this paper shows that LIDCs and EMEs increased their PIT-to-GDP revenue by 110 and 48 percent, respectively, during the 1990-2019 period, a marked improvement in the PIT revenue performance. We find that this rise was driven primarily by economic developments and to a lesser extent by changes in the design of PIT systems. We also find that LIDCs that improved their tax-to-GDP ratios relied on a broader set of tax instruments and not exclusively on the PIT, suggesting that a successful revenue mobilization strategy of developing countries requires a comprehensive approach covering a wider range of taxes. Finally, using a newly assembled dataset of PIT characteristics of 157 countries over the 2006-2018 period, we estimate a novel redistribution index of the PIT in LIDCs. We show that the contribution of the PIT to inequality reductions has been significant.

How long is Progress of the Personal Income Tax in Emerging and Developing Countries?

Progress of the Personal Income Tax in Emerging and Developing Countries by Ms. Dora Benedek is 36 pages long, and a total of 9,216 words.

This makes it 12% the length of the average book. It also has 11% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Progress of the Personal Income Tax in Emerging and Developing Countries Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes and 50 minutes to read Progress of the Personal Income Tax in Emerging and Developing Countries aloud.

What Reading Level is Progress of the Personal Income Tax in Emerging and Developing Countries?

Progress of the Personal Income Tax in Emerging and Developing Countries is suitable for students ages 8 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Progress of the Personal Income Tax in Emerging and Developing Countries?

Progress of the Personal Income Tax in Emerging and Developing Countries by Ms. Dora Benedek is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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