How Long to Read Railroads and Economic Growth: A Trade Policy Approach

How Long Does it Take to Read Railroads and Economic Growth: A Trade Policy Approach?

It takes the average reader 1 hour and 1 minute to read Railroads and Economic Growth: A Trade Policy Approach by Fernando Diego Perez Cervantes

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

What was the impact of railroads in the output of the United States during the 19th century and how can a New Trade model help answer this question? In order to respond I follow three steps. First, I construct a new digital railroad data set and pair it with geographic and topographic features of the U.S. territory to estimate travel times between every pair of U.S. counties for every year between 1840 and 1900. Second, I use these results, together with a Ricardian model of trade and U.S. county output data from the 19th century, to estimate county gains from trade using a fixed-point algorithm. Third, I estimate counter-factuals with the railroads built up to a certain year. My estimates suggest that, leaving all factors of production fixed, if the railroads were made suddenly unavailable in 1890 there would have been a 9.6% reduction in output, but in 1900, after the financial crisis, the impact would have been less than 9%. Finally, I make use of network formation theory and find that my suggested railroad --the outcome of a centralized institution-- would increase real output by at least three more percentage points by the end of the 19th century.

How long is Railroads and Economic Growth: A Trade Policy Approach?

Railroads and Economic Growth: A Trade Policy Approach by Fernando Diego Perez Cervantes is 59 pages long, and a total of 15,281 words.

This makes it 20% the length of the average book. It also has 19% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Railroads and Economic Growth: A Trade Policy Approach Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 1 hour and 23 minutes to read Railroads and Economic Growth: A Trade Policy Approach aloud.

What Reading Level is Railroads and Economic Growth: A Trade Policy Approach?

Railroads and Economic Growth: A Trade Policy Approach is suitable for students ages 8 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Railroads and Economic Growth: A Trade Policy Approach?

Railroads and Economic Growth: A Trade Policy Approach by Fernando Diego Perez Cervantes is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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