How Long to Read Removal of EDCs and Pharmaceuticals in Drinking Water

How Long Does it Take to Read Removal of EDCs and Pharmaceuticals in Drinking Water?

It takes the average reader to read Removal of EDCs and Pharmaceuticals in Drinking Water by Shane A. Snyder

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

EDCs and pharmaceuticals are groups of emerging contaminants that have been detected at trace concentrations in waters around the world. These contaminants encompass a vast range of molecular structure and properties. Sparse data exist on the occurrence and fate of these emerging contaminants during water treatment. This project investigated EDC/pharmaceutical occurrence in U.S. drinking water and the efficacy of conventional and advanced water treatment processes to reduce the concentrations of these contaminants. The objectives of this study were to (1) select a diverse group of representative endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and pharmaceuticals, (2) develop a robust analytical methodology capable of trace detection of target compounds in a variety of water matrices, (3) determine the occurrence of target compounds in U.S. drinking waters, (4) evaluate the EDC/pharmaceutical removal potential of conventional and advanced drinking and reuse water processes, and (5) evaluate computer models to predict target compound properties and fate. This report provides fundamental information on the removal of several classes of pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and suspected endocrine disrupting chemicals by conventional and advanced water treatment processes. A detailed description of analytical methods is provided, including information on sample preservation, extraction, and instrumental analysis. The report provides some of the first U.S. occurrence data for these emerging contaminants in raw and finished drinking water supplies. From the treatment and occurrence information, compounds with likely occurrence can be selected for monitoring programs that will represent the fate of various classes of emerging contaminants. Computer models are described that can be used to predict properties and fate of future water contaminants.

How long is Removal of EDCs and Pharmaceuticals in Drinking Water?

Removal of EDCs and Pharmaceuticals in Drinking Water by Shane A. Snyder is 0 pages long, and a total of 0 words.

This makes it 0% the length of the average book. It also has 0% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Removal of EDCs and Pharmaceuticals in Drinking Water Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes to read Removal of EDCs and Pharmaceuticals in Drinking Water aloud.

What Reading Level is Removal of EDCs and Pharmaceuticals in Drinking Water?

Removal of EDCs and Pharmaceuticals in Drinking Water is suitable for students ages 2 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

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