How Long to Read Revisiting the Countercyclicality of Fiscal Policy

How Long Does it Take to Read Revisiting the Countercyclicality of Fiscal Policy?

It takes the average reader and 31 minutes to read Revisiting the Countercyclicality of Fiscal Policy by João Tovar Jalles

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

This paper provides a novel dataset of time-varying measures on the degree of countercyclicality of fiscal policies for advanced and developing economies between 1980 and 2021. The use of time-varying measures of fiscal stabilization, with special attention to potential endogenity issues, overcomes the major limitation of previous studies and alllows the analysis to account for both country-specific as well as global factors. The paper also examines the key determinants of countercyclicality of fiscal policy with a focus on factors as severe crises, informality, financial development, and governance. Empirical results show that (i) fiscal policy tends to be more counter-cyclical during severe crises than typical recessions, especially for advanced economies; (ii) fiscal counter-cyclicality has increased over time for many economies over the last two decades; (iii) discretionary and automatic countercyclicality are both strong in advanced economies but acyclical (at times procyclical) in low-income countries, (iv) fiscal countercyclicality operates primarily through the expenditure channel, particularly for social benefits, (vi) better financial development, larger government size and stronger institutional quality are associated with larger countercyclical effects of fiscal policy. Our results are robust to various specifications and endogeneity checks.

How long is Revisiting the Countercyclicality of Fiscal Policy?

Revisiting the Countercyclicality of Fiscal Policy by João Tovar Jalles is 31 pages long, and a total of 7,781 words.

This makes it 10% the length of the average book. It also has 10% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Revisiting the Countercyclicality of Fiscal Policy Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes and 42 minutes to read Revisiting the Countercyclicality of Fiscal Policy aloud.

What Reading Level is Revisiting the Countercyclicality of Fiscal Policy?

Revisiting the Countercyclicality of Fiscal Policy is suitable for students ages 8 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

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