How Long to Read Seed Dispersal by Ants in a Deciduous Forest Ecosystem

How Long Does it Take to Read Seed Dispersal by Ants in a Deciduous Forest Ecosystem?

It takes the average reader 3 hours and 51 minutes to read Seed Dispersal by Ants in a Deciduous Forest Ecosystem by Elena Gorb

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

Countless ants transport and deposit seeds and thereby influence the survival, death, and evolution of many plant species. In higher plants, seed dispersal by ants (myrmecochory) has appeared many times independently in different lineages. More than 3000 plant species are known to utilize ant assistance to be planted. Myrmecochory is a very interesting and rather enigmatic form of mutualistic ant-plant associations. This phenomenon is extremely complex, because there are hundreds of ant species connected with hundreds of plant species. This book effectively combines a thorough approach to investigating morphological and physiological adaptations of plants with elegant field experiments on the behaviour of ants. This monograph is a first attempt at collecting information about morphology, ecology and phenology of ants and plants from one ecosystem. The book gives readers a panoramic view of the hidden, poorly-known interrelations not only between pairs of ants and plant species, but also between species communities in the ecosystem. The authors have considered not just one aspect of animal-plant relationships, but have tried to show them in all their complexity. Some aspects of the ant-plant interactions described in the book may be of interest to botanists, others to zoologists or ecologists, but the entire work is an excellent example of the marriage of these biological disciplines.

How long is Seed Dispersal by Ants in a Deciduous Forest Ecosystem?

Seed Dispersal by Ants in a Deciduous Forest Ecosystem by Elena Gorb is 226 pages long, and a total of 57,856 words.

This makes it 76% the length of the average book. It also has 71% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Seed Dispersal by Ants in a Deciduous Forest Ecosystem Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 5 hours and 16 minutes to read Seed Dispersal by Ants in a Deciduous Forest Ecosystem aloud.

What Reading Level is Seed Dispersal by Ants in a Deciduous Forest Ecosystem?

Seed Dispersal by Ants in a Deciduous Forest Ecosystem is suitable for students ages 12 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Seed Dispersal by Ants in a Deciduous Forest Ecosystem?

Seed Dispersal by Ants in a Deciduous Forest Ecosystem by Elena Gorb is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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