How Long to Read Semi-solid Processing of Alloys

How Long Does it Take to Read Semi-solid Processing of Alloys?

It takes the average reader 2 hours and 53 minutes to read Semi-solid Processing of Alloys by David H. Kirkwood

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

Semisolid metallurgy (SSM) is now some 37-years-old in terms of time from its conception and ?rst reduction to practice in the laboratory. In the intervening years, there has been a steadily growing body of research on the subject and the beginning of signi?cant industrial applications. The overall ?eld of SSM comprises today a large number of speci?c process routes, almost all of which fall in the category of either “Rheocasting” or Thi- casting.” The former begins with liquid metal and involves agitation during partial solidi?cation followed by forming. The latter begins with solid metal of suitable structure and involves heating to the desired fraction solid and forming. Research over the past 37 years, and particularly over the last decade, has provided a detailed picture of process fundamentals and led to a wide range of speci?c SSM processes and process innovations. Industrial studies and actual p- duction experience are providing a growing picture of the process advantages and limitations. At this time, the conditions for eventual wide adoption of SSM appear favorable, both for nonferrous and ferrous alloys. It must, however, be recognized that major innovations, such as SSM become adopted only slowly by industries where capital costsarehigh,pro?tmarginsaremodest,andfailuretomeetcustomercommitments carries a high penalty.

How long is Semi-solid Processing of Alloys?

Semi-solid Processing of Alloys by David H. Kirkwood is 172 pages long, and a total of 43,344 words.

This makes it 58% the length of the average book. It also has 53% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Semi-solid Processing of Alloys Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 3 hours and 56 minutes to read Semi-solid Processing of Alloys aloud.

What Reading Level is Semi-solid Processing of Alloys?

Semi-solid Processing of Alloys is suitable for students ages 10 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Semi-solid Processing of Alloys?

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