How Long to Read Spend Now, Pay Later? Tax Smoothing and Fiscal Sustainability in South Asia
By International Monetary Fund
How Long Does it Take to Read Spend Now, Pay Later? Tax Smoothing and Fiscal Sustainability in South Asia?
It takes the average reader and 35 minutes to read Spend Now, Pay Later? Tax Smoothing and Fiscal Sustainability in South Asia by International Monetary Fund
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Description
This paper tests a version of Barro’s tax-smoothing model, which assumes intertemporal optimization by a government seeking to minimize the distortionary costs of taxation, using Pakistan and Sri Lankan data for 1956-95 and 1964-97, respectively. The empirical results indicate that Pakistan’s fiscal behavior is consistent with tax smoothing, but not Sri Lanka’s. Moreover, fiscal behavior in both countries was dominated by a stagnation of revenues, large tax-tilting-induced deficits, and the consequent accumulation of excessive public liabilities. Analysis of the time-series characteristics of tax-tilting behavior indicates that for both countries the stock of public liabilities is unsustainable under unchanged fiscal policies.
How long is Spend Now, Pay Later? Tax Smoothing and Fiscal Sustainability in South Asia?
Spend Now, Pay Later? Tax Smoothing and Fiscal Sustainability in South Asia by International Monetary Fund is 35 pages long, and a total of 8,925 words.
This makes it 12% the length of the average book. It also has 11% more words than the average book.
How Long Does it Take to Read Spend Now, Pay Later? Tax Smoothing and Fiscal Sustainability in South Asia Aloud?
The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes and 48 minutes to read Spend Now, Pay Later? Tax Smoothing and Fiscal Sustainability in South Asia aloud.
What Reading Level is Spend Now, Pay Later? Tax Smoothing and Fiscal Sustainability in South Asia?
Spend Now, Pay Later? Tax Smoothing and Fiscal Sustainability in South Asia is suitable for students ages 8 and up.
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