How Long to Read Structure, function, and plasticity of hippocampal dentate gyrus microcircuits

How Long Does it Take to Read Structure, function, and plasticity of hippocampal dentate gyrus microcircuits?

It takes the average reader 2 hours and 16 minutes to read Structure, function, and plasticity of hippocampal dentate gyrus microcircuits by Peter Jonas

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

The hippocampus mediates several higher brain functions, such as learning, memory, and spatial coding. The input region of the hippocampus, the dentate gyrus, plays a critical role in these processes. Several lines of evidence suggest that the dentate gyrus acts as a preprocessor of incoming information, preparing it for subsequent processing in CA3. For example, the dentate gyrus converts input from the entorhinal cortex, where cells have multiple spatial fields, into the spatially more specific place cell activity characteristic of the CA3 region. Furthermore, the dentate gyrus is involved in pattern separation, transforming relatively similar input patterns into substantially different output patterns. Finally, the dentate gyrus produces a very sparse coding scheme in which only a very small fraction of neurons are active at any one time. How are these unique functions implemented at the level of cells and synapses? Dentate gyrus granule cells receive excitatory neuron input from the entorhinal cortex and send excitatory output to the hippocampal CA3 region via the mossy fibers. Furthermore, several types of GABAergic interneurons are present in this region, providing inhibitory control over granule cell activity via feedback and feedforward inhibition. Additionally, hilar mossy cells mediate an excitatory loop, receiving powerful input from a small number of granule cells and providing highly distributed excitatory output to a large number of granule cells. Finally, the dentate gyrus is one of the few brain regions exhibiting adult neurogenesis. Thus, new neurons are generated and functionally integrated throughout life. How these specific cellular and synaptic properties contribute to higher brain functions remains unclear. One way to understand these properties of the dentate gyrus is to try to integrate experimental data into models, following the famous Hopfield quote: “Build it, and you understand it.” However, when trying this, one faces two major challenges. First, hard quantitative data about cellular properties, structural connectivity, and functional properties of synapses are lacking. Second, the number of individual neurons and synapses to be represented in the model is huge. For example, the dentate gyrus contains ~1 million granule cells in rodents, and ~10 million in humans. Thus, full scale models will be complex and computationally demanding. In this Frontiers Research Topic, we collect important information about cells, synapses, and microcircuit elements of the dentate gyrus. We have put together a combination of original research articles, review articles, and a methods article. We hope that the collected information will be useful for both experimentalists and modelers. We also hope that the papers will be interesting beyond the small world of “dentology,” i.e., for scientists working on other brain areas. Ideally, the dentate gyrus may serve as a blueprint, helping neuroscientists to define strategies to analyze network organization of other brain regions.

How long is Structure, function, and plasticity of hippocampal dentate gyrus microcircuits?

Structure, function, and plasticity of hippocampal dentate gyrus microcircuits by Peter Jonas is 134 pages long, and a total of 34,036 words.

This makes it 45% the length of the average book. It also has 42% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Structure, function, and plasticity of hippocampal dentate gyrus microcircuits Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 3 hours and 5 minutes to read Structure, function, and plasticity of hippocampal dentate gyrus microcircuits aloud.

What Reading Level is Structure, function, and plasticity of hippocampal dentate gyrus microcircuits?

Structure, function, and plasticity of hippocampal dentate gyrus microcircuits is suitable for students ages 10 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

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