How Long to Read Tax Revenues in Fragile and Conflict-Affected States--Why Are They Low and How Can We Raise Them?

How Long Does it Take to Read Tax Revenues in Fragile and Conflict-Affected States--Why Are They Low and How Can We Raise Them??

It takes the average reader and 43 minutes to read Tax Revenues in Fragile and Conflict-Affected States--Why Are They Low and How Can We Raise Them? by Bernardin Akitoby

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

Raising revenues has been a formidable challenge for fragile and conflict-affected states (FCS), a fact confirmed once again in the COVID-19 crisis. Nonetheless, achieving sizable gains in tax collection in fragile environments is not impossible. This paper--with empirical analyses and case studies--contributes to policy discussions on tax reform in such challenging environments. Our analyses show that many FCS achieved some recovery of tax revenues, even though they found it challenging to sustain the momentum beyond three years. We also find that changes in the quality of institutions (e.g., government effectiveness and control of corruption) are a key contributory factor to their tax performance (much more so than for non-FCS). Next, we look into the tax increase episodes of four countries (Liberia, Malawi, Nepal, and the Solomon Islands). Although each FCS is unique, their experiences suggest two lessons: (i) tax reforms can be pursued even with initially weak institutions; and (ii) strong political commitment is important to sustain reform efforts and realize long-lasting, sizable gains.

How long is Tax Revenues in Fragile and Conflict-Affected States--Why Are They Low and How Can We Raise Them??

Tax Revenues in Fragile and Conflict-Affected States--Why Are They Low and How Can We Raise Them? by Bernardin Akitoby is 43 pages long, and a total of 10,879 words.

This makes it 15% the length of the average book. It also has 13% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Tax Revenues in Fragile and Conflict-Affected States--Why Are They Low and How Can We Raise Them? Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes and 59 minutes to read Tax Revenues in Fragile and Conflict-Affected States--Why Are They Low and How Can We Raise Them? aloud.

What Reading Level is Tax Revenues in Fragile and Conflict-Affected States--Why Are They Low and How Can We Raise Them??

Tax Revenues in Fragile and Conflict-Affected States--Why Are They Low and How Can We Raise Them? is suitable for students ages 8 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Tax Revenues in Fragile and Conflict-Affected States--Why Are They Low and How Can We Raise Them??

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