How Long to Read The Cost of Foreign Exchange Intervention

How Long Does it Take to Read The Cost of Foreign Exchange Intervention?

It takes the average reader and 38 minutes to read The Cost of Foreign Exchange Intervention by Gustavo Adler

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

The accumulation of large foreign asset positions by many central banks through sustained foreign exchange (FX) intervention has raised questions about its associated fiscal costs. This paper clarifies conceptual issues regarding how to measure these costs both from an ex-post and an ex-ante (relevant for decision making) perspective, and estimates both marginal and total costs for 73 countries over the period 2002-13. We find ex-ante marginal costs for the median emerging market economy (EME) in the inter-quartile range of 2-5.5 percent per year; while ex-ante total costs (of sustaining FX positions) in the range of 0.2-0.7 percent of GDP per year for light interveners and 0.3-1.2 percent of GDP per year for heavy interveners. These estimates indicate that fiscal costs of sustained FX intervention (via expanding central bank balance sheets) are not negligible.

How long is The Cost of Foreign Exchange Intervention?

The Cost of Foreign Exchange Intervention by Gustavo Adler is 37 pages long, and a total of 9,509 words.

This makes it 12% the length of the average book. It also has 12% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read The Cost of Foreign Exchange Intervention Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes and 51 minutes to read The Cost of Foreign Exchange Intervention aloud.

What Reading Level is The Cost of Foreign Exchange Intervention?

The Cost of Foreign Exchange Intervention is suitable for students ages 8 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy The Cost of Foreign Exchange Intervention?

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