How Long to Read The Enlightenment That Failed

How Long Does it Take to Read The Enlightenment That Failed?

It takes the average reader 18 hours and 5 minutes to read The Enlightenment That Failed by Jonathan I. Israel

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

The Enlightenment that Failed explores the growing rift between those Enlightenment trends and initiatives that appealed exclusively to elites and those aspiring to enlighten all of society by raising mankind's awareness, freedoms, and educational level generally. Jonathan I. Israel explains why the democratic and radical secularizing tendency of the Western Enlightenment, after gaining some notable successes during the revolutionary era (1775-1820) in numerous countries, especially in Europe, North America, and Spanish America, ultimately failed. He argues that a populist, Robespierriste tendency, sharply at odds with democratic values and freedom of expression, gained an ideological advantage in France, and that the negative reaction this generally provoked caused a more general anti-Enlightenment reaction, a surging anti-intellectualism combined with forms of religious revival that largely undermined the longings of the deprived, underprivileged, and disadvantaged, and ended by helping, albeit often unwittingly, conservative anti-Enlightenment ideologies to dominate the scene. The Enlightenment that Failed relates both the American and the French revolutions to the Enlightenment in a markedly different fashion from how this is usually done, showing how both great revolutions were fundamentally split between bitterly opposed and utterly incompatible ideological tendencies. Radical Enlightenment, which had been an effective ideological challenge to the prevailing monarchical-aristocratic status quo, was weakened, then almost entirely derailed and displaced from the Western consciousness, in the 1830s and 1840s by the rise of Marxism and other forms of socialism.

How long is The Enlightenment That Failed?

The Enlightenment That Failed by Jonathan I. Israel is 1,081 pages long, and a total of 271,331 words.

This makes it 365% the length of the average book. It also has 332% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read The Enlightenment That Failed Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 24 hours and 42 minutes to read The Enlightenment That Failed aloud.

What Reading Level is The Enlightenment That Failed?

The Enlightenment That Failed is suitable for students ages 12 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy The Enlightenment That Failed?

The Enlightenment That Failed by Jonathan I. Israel is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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