How Long to Read The Functional Significance of Neurokinin 3 Receptor Signaling in Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone Neurons

How Long Does it Take to Read The Functional Significance of Neurokinin 3 Receptor Signaling in Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone Neurons?

It takes the average reader 1 hour and 39 minutes to read The Functional Significance of Neurokinin 3 Receptor Signaling in Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone Neurons by Paul Peng Lin Shao

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is a decapeptide hormone secreted by hypothalamic neurons that is essential for puberty and reproduction. Human studies identified a critical role for the neurokinin 3 receptor (NK3R) and its ligand, neurokinin B (NKB), in puberty. NK3R is expressed in multiple cells within the GnRH neuron network, including GnRH neurons themselves. To date, in vivo studies have not been able to discriminate between the direct and indirect effects of NKB on GnRH neurons. The goal of this thesis is to determine the functional significance of NKB signaling directly to NK3R-expressing GnRH neurons. We show that GT1-7 cells, an in vitro model of the mature differentiated GnRH neuron, express NK3R, and acute treatment with senktide, a NK3R agonist, induces GnRH peptide secretion. Moreover, senktide induces the repression of GnRH gene transcription by a mechanism that involves Fos induction, AP-1 complex formation, and direct binding of Fos protein to a novel AP-1 half-site in enhancer 1. We also find that senktide induces c-Fos gene transcription by a mechanism that involves STAT ( -310 bp) and SRF ( -345 bp) binding sites. Finally, we identify the PKC pathway acting downstream from the NK3R in GnRH neurons. In summary, NKB signaling directly to NK3R-expression GnRH neurons activates GnRH secretion and represses GnRH transcription by a mechanism that involves a PKC pathway-dependent induction of Fos gene transcription and enhanced Fos protein binding to a novel AP-1 site identified in enhancer 1.

How long is The Functional Significance of Neurokinin 3 Receptor Signaling in Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone Neurons?

The Functional Significance of Neurokinin 3 Receptor Signaling in Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone Neurons by Paul Peng Lin Shao is 97 pages long, and a total of 24,929 words.

This makes it 33% the length of the average book. It also has 30% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read The Functional Significance of Neurokinin 3 Receptor Signaling in Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone Neurons Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 2 hours and 16 minutes to read The Functional Significance of Neurokinin 3 Receptor Signaling in Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone Neurons aloud.

What Reading Level is The Functional Significance of Neurokinin 3 Receptor Signaling in Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone Neurons?

The Functional Significance of Neurokinin 3 Receptor Signaling in Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone Neurons is suitable for students ages 10 and up.

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