How Long to Read The Optical Activity of Fluorescein in the Gas Phase

How Long Does it Take to Read The Optical Activity of Fluorescein in the Gas Phase?

It takes the average reader 1 hour and 48 minutes to read The Optical Activity of Fluorescein in the Gas Phase by Peter David McQueen

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

Fluorescein is a commonly employed fluorescent probe used in studies of biological molecules including proteins, antibodies, and DNA. Here, we use quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometry in conjunction with optical excitation to study the intrinsic spectroscopic properites of three charge states of gaseous fluorescein produced using electrospray ionization. Visible action spectra of fluorescein were constructed by monitoring photodissociation as a function of excitation wavelength. The measured gas-phase visible action spectra for the cation, dianion and monoanion show a difference of approximately -10, +10 and +70 nm respectively from their aqueous absorption maxima. This change in absorption maximum is consistent with calculations suggesting that a different isomer of monoanionic fluorescein is preferentially stabilized in solution compared to its intrinsic gas phase structure. In contrast to its high fluorescence quantum yield in solution, no fluorescence from the gas phase fluorescein cation and monoanion was detected.

How long is The Optical Activity of Fluorescein in the Gas Phase?

The Optical Activity of Fluorescein in the Gas Phase by Peter David McQueen is 106 pages long, and a total of 27,136 words.

This makes it 36% the length of the average book. It also has 33% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read The Optical Activity of Fluorescein in the Gas Phase Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 2 hours and 28 minutes to read The Optical Activity of Fluorescein in the Gas Phase aloud.

What Reading Level is The Optical Activity of Fluorescein in the Gas Phase?

The Optical Activity of Fluorescein in the Gas Phase is suitable for students ages 10 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy The Optical Activity of Fluorescein in the Gas Phase?

The Optical Activity of Fluorescein in the Gas Phase by Peter David McQueen is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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