How Long to Read Turritellid Species from Miocene of Kutch, Gujarat and Its Palaeobiogeographic Implications

How Long Does it Take to Read Turritellid Species from Miocene of Kutch, Gujarat and Its Palaeobiogeographic Implications?

It takes the average reader and 50 minutes to read Turritellid Species from Miocene of Kutch, Gujarat and Its Palaeobiogeographic Implications by Pinaki Roy

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Description

Introduction: The Tertiary deposit of the Kutch basin rich in macro fauna such as Mollusc (particularly pelecypods and gastropods), Echinoids and Cnidaria Fossils. Primary work on fossils molluscs occurring in the Tertiary sediment of Kutch provided by Sowerby, way back,1839.The present work concerns systematic description of the species belonging in to family Turritellidae , and the regional biogeographic correlation works extend to relate to different sections of Chhasra Formation, namely Chhasra section and Bhadra dam section.The possible morphological variations or similarity have been enumerated between the Turritellidae species of the two section. Both the section belongs to lower Miocene epoch (Burdigalian), The Chhasra section being relatively younger than the Bhadra dam section; morphological variations as well as variation in faunal occurrences have been studied. A relation between similar species of Turritellidae family from different basin of the world as well as faunal correlation at the species level among different basins of the Indian peninsula to that of the Kutch basin is also presented here.Discussion: Six species of Turritellidae namely Turritella narica Vredenburg, (1920), Zaria angulate (Sowerby, 1840), Turritella pseudobandongensis Vredenburg, (1928), Turritella pseudotethis Vredenburg, (1928), Turritella assimilis Sowerby (1940), Turritella bhagothorensis Vredenburg (1928). Among this Z. angulata occur throughout the Chhasra section but not encountered in Bhadra dam section. Apart from this variation in faunal element; Turritelline species namely T. narica, T. pseudobandongensis are showing variation in their size ratio. Both are wider at similar shale length in case of Chhasra section as compaired to Bhadra dam section. Besides both of the above species from Chhasra section are having wider aperture than Bhadra dam section. Faunal correlation between turritellid species of Kutch with that of other basins of the world based on the data available from the work of different authors (Lyngdoh et al., 1999; Vredenburg, 1921,1925 and 1928; Kulkarni et al.,2010;Tiwari and Kachhara,2003;Kassab et et al.,1995; King, 1954; Beets, 1947; Crame, 1984; Mukherjee, 1939; Eames, 1950; Cox, 1936; Harzhauser et al., 2002 and 2009; Azzaroli, 1958) have been carried out and it depicts that there is very little variation in faunal elements between N-W Pakistan (Sindh and Baluchistan) and Kutch with respect to Turritellid species. On the other hand, Indian fauna during Miocene show very little similarity with the other basins as depicted in Table 1. On the basis of data acquired from Table 1, an attempt has been made to establish faunal correlation at the species level among different region of the world by using Jaccard coefficient (Table 2). The low Jaccardian coefficient suggests the persistence of endemism among the region during early and middle Miocene.Conclusion: The present study is the further elaboration of previous classics of Vredenburg, 1928 and Sowerby, 1939. The intra-basinal correlation based on Turritellid species described here clearly indicates increase in size of T. narica and T. pseudobandongenasis from older Bhadra dam section to younger Chhasra section (Lower to middle Miocene).The low Jaccardian correlation co-efficient suggests that each region has its own endemic species and relative endemism varies from place to place. Among the six Turritellid species; T. narica and Z. angulata are cosmopolitan in nature, however T. narica is strongly endemic to the Indian subcontinent. The high endemism of the early paleogene Turritella species of the Kutch basin in general might have resulted from low dispersal potentials of majority of the species. This may also happen due to restricted faunal mixing.

How long is Turritellid Species from Miocene of Kutch, Gujarat and Its Palaeobiogeographic Implications?

Turritellid Species from Miocene of Kutch, Gujarat and Its Palaeobiogeographic Implications by Pinaki Roy is 50 pages long, and a total of 12,500 words.

This makes it 17% the length of the average book. It also has 15% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Turritellid Species from Miocene of Kutch, Gujarat and Its Palaeobiogeographic Implications Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 1 hour and 8 minutes to read Turritellid Species from Miocene of Kutch, Gujarat and Its Palaeobiogeographic Implications aloud.

What Reading Level is Turritellid Species from Miocene of Kutch, Gujarat and Its Palaeobiogeographic Implications?

Turritellid Species from Miocene of Kutch, Gujarat and Its Palaeobiogeographic Implications is suitable for students ages 8 and up.

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