How Long to Read Ultradian Rhythms from Molecules to Mind

How Long Does it Take to Read Ultradian Rhythms from Molecules to Mind?

It takes the average reader 7 hours and 33 minutes to read Ultradian Rhythms from Molecules to Mind by David Lloyd

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

5. 1. 1 Biological Rhythms and Clocks From an evolutionary perspective, the adaptation of an organism’s behavior to its environment has depended on one of life’s fundamental traits: biological rhythm generation. In virtually all light-sensitive organisms from cyanobacteria to humans, biological clocks adapt cyclic physiology to geophysical time with time-keeping properties in the circadian (24 h), ultradian (24 h) domains (Edmunds, 1988; Lloyd, 1998; Lloyd et al. , 2001; Lloyd and Murray, 2006; Lloyd, 2007; Pittendrigh, 1993; Sweeney and Hastings, 1960) By definition, all rhythms exhibit regular periodicities since they constitute a mechanism of timing. Timing exerted by oscillatory mechanisms are found throughout the biological world and their periods span a wide range from milliseconds, as in the action potential of n- rons and the myocytes, to the slow evolutionary changes that require thousands of generations. In this context, to understand the synchronization of a population of coupled oscillators is an important problem for the dynamics of physiology in living systems (Aon et al. , 2007a, b; Kuramoto, 1984; Strogatz, 2003; Winfree, 1967). Circadian rhythms, the most intensively studied, are devoted to measuring daily 24 h cycles. A variety of physiological processes in a wide range of eukaryotic organisms display circadian rhythmicity which is characterized by the following major properties (Anderson et al. , 1985; Edmunds, 1988): (i) stable, autonomous (self-sustaining) oscillations having a free-running period under constant envir- mental conditions of ca.

How long is Ultradian Rhythms from Molecules to Mind?

Ultradian Rhythms from Molecules to Mind by David Lloyd is 445 pages long, and a total of 113,475 words.

This makes it 150% the length of the average book. It also has 139% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Ultradian Rhythms from Molecules to Mind Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 10 hours and 20 minutes to read Ultradian Rhythms from Molecules to Mind aloud.

What Reading Level is Ultradian Rhythms from Molecules to Mind?

Ultradian Rhythms from Molecules to Mind is suitable for students ages 12 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Ultradian Rhythms from Molecules to Mind?

Ultradian Rhythms from Molecules to Mind by David Lloyd is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

To buy Ultradian Rhythms from Molecules to Mind by David Lloyd on Amazon click the button below.