How Long to Read Unpleasant Surprises? Elections and Tax News Shocks

How Long Does it Take to Read Unpleasant Surprises? Elections and Tax News Shocks?

It takes the average reader and 35 minutes to read Unpleasant Surprises? Elections and Tax News Shocks by Mr. Antonio David

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

Unanticipated changes in tax policy are likely to have different macroeconomic effects compared to anticipated changes due to several mechanisms, including fiscal foresight and policy uncertainty. It is therefore important to understand what drives such policy surprises. We explore the nature of unanticipated tax policy changes by focusing on a political economy determinant of those events, namely the timing of elections. Using monthly data for 22 advanced economies and emerging markets over the period 1990-2018, we show that implementation lags tend to be significantly longer for tax policy change announcements that are made during the pre-election periods, thereby leading to a lower likelihood of “tax news shocks”. We also find that implementation lags become much shorter for tax policy changes that are announced in the aftermath of elections, generating more frequent tax news shocks. This pattern remains similar for different tax measures or types of taxes. The findings are robust to a number of checks, including alternative definitions of tax news shocks, or to controlling for various economic and institutional factors.

How long is Unpleasant Surprises? Elections and Tax News Shocks?

Unpleasant Surprises? Elections and Tax News Shocks by Mr. Antonio David is 35 pages long, and a total of 8,925 words.

This makes it 12% the length of the average book. It also has 11% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Unpleasant Surprises? Elections and Tax News Shocks Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes and 48 minutes to read Unpleasant Surprises? Elections and Tax News Shocks aloud.

What Reading Level is Unpleasant Surprises? Elections and Tax News Shocks?

Unpleasant Surprises? Elections and Tax News Shocks is suitable for students ages 8 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Unpleasant Surprises? Elections and Tax News Shocks?

Unpleasant Surprises? Elections and Tax News Shocks by Mr. Antonio David is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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