How Long to Read Use of Drains for Passive Control of Flow Through a Permeable Reactive Barrier

How Long Does it Take to Read Use of Drains for Passive Control of Flow Through a Permeable Reactive Barrier?

It takes the average reader 2 hours and 13 minutes to read Use of Drains for Passive Control of Flow Through a Permeable Reactive Barrier by Neil Ross McLean

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

Permeable reactive barrier technology is a cost effective means of treating near surface groundwater contaminant plumes. However, current reactive barrier technology lacks the capacity to manipulate flow rates and thus hydraulic retention time (HRT) within the barriers in order to maximize the effectiveness and longevity of the media. This study examines the effectiveness of tile drains as passive controls on the flow rate of ground-water through an existing wood particle media permeable reactive barrier treating agricultural nitrate. The use of upgradient and downgradient tile drains allowed HRT to be increased from 4.5 to 10 days in one trial and then to be decreased from 11.1 to 0.8 days in a second trial. Influent groundwater NO3-N concentrations of ~100 mg/L were attenuated to detection limit (0.02 mg/L) only 12% of the 4 m long barrier with HRTs of 4.5 to 10 days. During the second trial, HRT was decreased to 0.8 days and NO3-N penetrated to the downgradient edge of the PRB at 1.8 mg/L. The behaviour of SO4 in the PRB was also affected by flow rate. SO4 entered the PRB at 60 to 71 mg/L during the first trial. Under a HRT of 10 days it was depleted to detection limit after traveling through only 13% of the barrier. When HRT was decreased to 4.5 days, SO4 was able to penetrate the downgradient edge of the PRB at concentrations from 4 to 6 mg/L. With a 0.8 day HRT SO4 reduction was highly restricted as calculations showed 90% of available carbon in the PRB was being used to reduce NO3-N, compared to 7.5% being used for SO4 reduction at that time. In comparison, at the 10 day HRT, 61% of carbon being used for NO3-N reduction, 8.7% for SO4 reduction, 0.7 for dissolved oxygen and 29% was lost through DOC leaching. These calculations suggest that barrier efficiency can be greatly enhanced by manipulation of HRT through use of tile drains.

How long is Use of Drains for Passive Control of Flow Through a Permeable Reactive Barrier?

Use of Drains for Passive Control of Flow Through a Permeable Reactive Barrier by Neil Ross McLean is 129 pages long, and a total of 33,411 words.

This makes it 44% the length of the average book. It also has 41% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Use of Drains for Passive Control of Flow Through a Permeable Reactive Barrier Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 3 hours and 2 minutes to read Use of Drains for Passive Control of Flow Through a Permeable Reactive Barrier aloud.

What Reading Level is Use of Drains for Passive Control of Flow Through a Permeable Reactive Barrier?

Use of Drains for Passive Control of Flow Through a Permeable Reactive Barrier is suitable for students ages 10 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Use of Drains for Passive Control of Flow Through a Permeable Reactive Barrier?

Use of Drains for Passive Control of Flow Through a Permeable Reactive Barrier by Neil Ross McLean is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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