It takes the average reader 3 hours and 43 minutes to read Who Pays for Universal Service? by Robert W. Crandall
Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more
In virtually every country, the price of residential access to the telephone network is kept low and cross-subsidized by business services, long distance calling, and various other telephone services. This pricing practice is widely defended as necessary to promote "universal service," but Crandall and Waverman show that it has little effect on telephone subscriptions while it has major harmful effects on the value of all telephone service. The higher prices for long distance calls reduce calling, shift the burden of paying for the network to those whose social networks are widely dispersed....
Who Pays for Universal Service? by Robert W. Crandall is 217 pages long, and a total of 55,769 words.
This makes it 73% the length of the average book. It also has 68% more words than the average book.
The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 5 hours and 4 minutes to read Who Pays for Universal Service? aloud.
Who Pays for Universal Service? is suitable for students ages 12 and up.
Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.
When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.
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