How Long to Read 23 European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering

How Long Does it Take to Read 23 European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering?

It takes the average reader 18 hours and 42 minutes to read 23 European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering by Fernando I. Gomez-Castro

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

On the last years, there have been proposals for using supercritical conditions to produce biodiesel fuel from vegetable oils and/or animal fats without a catalyst. Different schemes have been proposed, the most popular consisting on the use of supercritical methanol as reactant. Other alternatives involve the use of methyl acetate or acetic acid as reactants. The potential of those processes may be established in terms of their total annual cost and environmental impact. Thus, in this work, the production of biodiesel fuel by using different reactants is studied. Four processes are considered: the one step supercritical methanol process (Saka process), the two steps supercritical methanol process (Saka-Dadan process), a process with methyl acetate as reactant and a process with acetic acid as reactant. Possible flowsheets for the reaction and separation stages are proposed. The processes are analyzed and compared in terms of energy consumption, pollutant emissions and total annual costs. It has been observed that, in terms of energy, the one step methanol process has the lowest energy requirements. Nevertheless, a higher temperature for the steam supplied is required; thus, that process has high values of CO2 emissions. Furthermore, methyl esters are obtained at higher temperatures, which may have a negative impact on its quality.

How long is 23 European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering?

23 European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering by Fernando I. Gomez-Castro is 1,088 pages long, and a total of 280,704 words.

This makes it 367% the length of the average book. It also has 343% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read 23 European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 25 hours and 33 minutes to read 23 European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering aloud.

What Reading Level is 23 European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering?

23 European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering is suitable for students ages 12 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy 23 European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering?

23 European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering by Fernando I. Gomez-Castro is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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