How Long to Read A History of the Development of Alternatives to Animals in Research and Testing

How Long Does it Take to Read A History of the Development of Alternatives to Animals in Research and Testing?

It takes the average reader to read A History of the Development of Alternatives to Animals in Research and Testing by John Parascandola

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

Growing public interest in animal welfare issues in recent decades has prompted increased attention to the efforts to develop alternative, nonanimal methods for use in biomedical research and product testing. In A History of the Development of Alternatives to Animals in Research and Testing, the first book-length study of the subject, John Parascandola traces the history of the concept of alternatives to the use of animals in research and testing in Britain and the United States from its beginnings until it had become firmly established in the scientific and animal protection communities by the end of the 1980s. This account of the history of alternatives is set within the context of developments within science, animal welfare, and politics. The book covers the key role played by animal welfare advocates in promoting alternatives, the initial resistance to alternatives on the part of many in the scientific community, the opportunity provided by alternatives for compromise and cooperation between these two groups, and the dominance of the “Three Rs”—reduction, refinement, and replacement.

How long is A History of the Development of Alternatives to Animals in Research and Testing?

A History of the Development of Alternatives to Animals in Research and Testing by John Parascandola is 0 pages long, and a total of 0 words.

This makes it 0% the length of the average book. It also has 0% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read A History of the Development of Alternatives to Animals in Research and Testing Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes to read A History of the Development of Alternatives to Animals in Research and Testing aloud.

What Reading Level is A History of the Development of Alternatives to Animals in Research and Testing?

A History of the Development of Alternatives to Animals in Research and Testing is suitable for students ages 2 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy A History of the Development of Alternatives to Animals in Research and Testing?

A History of the Development of Alternatives to Animals in Research and Testing by John Parascandola is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

To buy A History of the Development of Alternatives to Animals in Research and Testing by John Parascandola on Amazon click the button below.