How Long to Read A Possible Approach to Fiscal Rules in Small Islands — Incorporating Natural Disasters and Climate Change

How Long Does it Take to Read A Possible Approach to Fiscal Rules in Small Islands — Incorporating Natural Disasters and Climate Change?

It takes the average reader and 28 minutes to read A Possible Approach to Fiscal Rules in Small Islands — Incorporating Natural Disasters and Climate Change by Ryota Nakatani

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

A big challenge for the economic development of small island countries is dealing with external shocks. The Pacific Islands are vulnerable to natural disasters, climate change, commodity price changes, and uncertain donor grants. The question that arises is how should small developing countries formulate a fiscal policy to achieve economic stability and fiscal sustainability when prone to various shocks? We study how natural disasters affect long-term debt dynamics and propose fiscal policy rules that could help insulate the economy from such unexpected shocks. We propose fiscal rules to address these shocks and uncertainties using the example of Papua New Guinea. Our study finds the advantages of expenditure rules, especially a recurrent expenditure rule based on non-resource and non-grant revenue, interdependently determined by government debt and budget balance targets with expected disaster shocks. This paper contributes to the literature and policy dialogue by theoretically analyzing the impact of natural disasters on debt sustainability and proposing fiscal rules against natural disasters and climate changes. Our fiscal policy framework is practically applicable for many developing countries facing increasing frequency and impact of natural disasters and climate change. Our rules-based fiscal framework is crucial for sustainable and countercyclical macroeconomic policies to build resilience against devastating natural hazards.

How long is A Possible Approach to Fiscal Rules in Small Islands — Incorporating Natural Disasters and Climate Change?

A Possible Approach to Fiscal Rules in Small Islands — Incorporating Natural Disasters and Climate Change by Ryota Nakatani is 28 pages long, and a total of 7,224 words.

This makes it 9% the length of the average book. It also has 9% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read A Possible Approach to Fiscal Rules in Small Islands — Incorporating Natural Disasters and Climate Change Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes and 39 minutes to read A Possible Approach to Fiscal Rules in Small Islands — Incorporating Natural Disasters and Climate Change aloud.

What Reading Level is A Possible Approach to Fiscal Rules in Small Islands — Incorporating Natural Disasters and Climate Change?

A Possible Approach to Fiscal Rules in Small Islands — Incorporating Natural Disasters and Climate Change is suitable for students ages 8 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy A Possible Approach to Fiscal Rules in Small Islands — Incorporating Natural Disasters and Climate Change?

A Possible Approach to Fiscal Rules in Small Islands — Incorporating Natural Disasters and Climate Change by Ryota Nakatani is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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