How Long to Read A Review and Evaluation of Homology Hypotheses in Echinoderm Paleobiology

How Long Does it Take to Read A Review and Evaluation of Homology Hypotheses in Echinoderm Paleobiology?

It takes the average reader 1 hour and 31 minutes to read A Review and Evaluation of Homology Hypotheses in Echinoderm Paleobiology by Colin D. Sumrall

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

The extraxial-axial theory (EAT) and universal elemental homology (UEH) are often portrayed as mutually exclusive hypotheses of homology within pentaradiate Echinodermata. EAT describes homology upon the echinoderm bauplan, interpreted through early post-metamorphic growth and growth zones, dividing it into axial regions generally associated with elements of the ambulacral system and extraxial regions that are not. UEH describes the detailed construction of the axial skeleton, dividing it into homologous plates and plate series based on symmetry, early growth, and function. These hypotheses are not in conflict; the latter is rooted in refinement of the former. Some interpretive differences arise because many of the morphologies described from eleutherozoan development are difficult to reconcile with Paleozoic forms. Conversely, many elements described for Paleozoic taxa by UEH, such as the peristomial border plates, are absent in eleutherozoans. This Element recommends these two hypotheses be used together to generate a better understanding of homology across Echinodermata.

How long is A Review and Evaluation of Homology Hypotheses in Echinoderm Paleobiology?

A Review and Evaluation of Homology Hypotheses in Echinoderm Paleobiology by Colin D. Sumrall is 91 pages long, and a total of 22,841 words.

This makes it 31% the length of the average book. It also has 28% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read A Review and Evaluation of Homology Hypotheses in Echinoderm Paleobiology Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 2 hours and 4 minutes to read A Review and Evaluation of Homology Hypotheses in Echinoderm Paleobiology aloud.

What Reading Level is A Review and Evaluation of Homology Hypotheses in Echinoderm Paleobiology?

A Review and Evaluation of Homology Hypotheses in Echinoderm Paleobiology is suitable for students ages 10 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy A Review and Evaluation of Homology Hypotheses in Echinoderm Paleobiology?

A Review and Evaluation of Homology Hypotheses in Echinoderm Paleobiology by Colin D. Sumrall is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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