How Long to Read A Sentiment-Enhanced Corruption Perception Index

How Long Does it Take to Read A Sentiment-Enhanced Corruption Perception Index?

It takes the average reader and 27 minutes to read A Sentiment-Enhanced Corruption Perception Index by Yongquan Cao

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

Direct measurement of corruption is difficult due to its hidden nature, and measuring the perceptions of corruption via survey-based methods is often used as an alternative. This paper constructs a new non-survey based perceptions index for 111 countries by applying sentiment analysis to Financial Times articles over 2005–18. This sentiment-enhanced corruption perception index (SECPI) captures not only the frequncy of corruption related articles, but also the articles’ sentiment towards corruption. This index, while correlated with existing corruption perception indexes, offers some distinct advantages, including heightened sensitivity to current events (e.g., corruption investigations and elections), availability at a higher frequency, and lower costs to update. The SECPI is negatively correlated with business environment and institutional quality. Increases in the perceived incidence or scope of corruption influences economic agents’ behaviors, and thus economic dynamics. We found that when the SECPI is at least one standard deviation above the mean, the growth per capita falls by 0.65 percentage point on average, with more pronounced impacts for emerging market and low income countries.

How long is A Sentiment-Enhanced Corruption Perception Index?

A Sentiment-Enhanced Corruption Perception Index by Yongquan Cao is 27 pages long, and a total of 6,939 words.

This makes it 9% the length of the average book. It also has 8% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read A Sentiment-Enhanced Corruption Perception Index Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes and 37 minutes to read A Sentiment-Enhanced Corruption Perception Index aloud.

What Reading Level is A Sentiment-Enhanced Corruption Perception Index?

A Sentiment-Enhanced Corruption Perception Index is suitable for students ages 8 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy A Sentiment-Enhanced Corruption Perception Index?

A Sentiment-Enhanced Corruption Perception Index by Yongquan Cao is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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