How Long to Read A Study on the Relationship between the Level of Social Expenditure and National Burden and the Economic Competitiveness

How Long Does it Take to Read A Study on the Relationship between the Level of Social Expenditure and National Burden and the Economic Competitiveness?

It takes the average reader 1 hour and 40 minutes to read A Study on the Relationship between the Level of Social Expenditure and National Burden and the Economic Competitiveness by Gun-Chun Ryu

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

CHAPTER 1 Introduction 1. Issues at hand and the need for this study 2. Purpose 3. Content CHAPTER 2 Previous Studies and Theoretical Background 1. Literature Review 2. Theoretical Background CHAPTER 3 Data Source and Analysis Methodology 1. Data Source 2. Analysis Methodology CHAPTER 4 Analysis Outcome 1. Categorization of 'Low-level, Low-welfare' and 'High-level, High-welfare' 2. Enablers and Economic Status and Competitiveness CHAPTER 5 Conclusion and Policy Implications References The current financial crisis in Southern Europe is not only posing a threat to the valuation of the euro but also raising concern over the sustainability of the European welfare model. Bolstered by continuous economic growth in the wake of World War II, European states have managed to develop a high-burden/high-benefit welfare model. However, amid aging society driven by low birth rates and an extended life expectancy as well as the recent sluggish economic growth, high spending and dwindling incomes inevitably followed, triggering government deficits to surge. Consequently, European countries including the financially vulnerable Greece, Spain, Portugal and Italy have introduced and are still implementing a range of restructuring measures such as a cut in pension/healthcare benefits, lifting of the eligible age for retirement, etc. in an effort to tackle the budget crisis facing them. As a result, skeptical views on the sustainability of their high-burden/high-benefit model have ensued. One of motivations behind this study is our recognition that such assessment can be too facile. It is true that of Europe's typical high-burden, High-benefit platforms, the ones employed by some Southern European countries are currently under scrutiny, yet the welfare models prevailing in Northern Europe are positively reviewed by global comparison, thus casting little doubt over their sustainability for now. Even for the welfare model of continental European countries, a mixture of views are present. Specifically, little concern is raised about Germany as it has successfully taken proactive actions for welfare reform as opposed to France. Having said that, we believe it is not fair to criticize the whole European welfare system just because the welfare models adopted by southern European countries are struggling with the matter of sustainability. The key to the present issue is not only the size of tax burden and welfare spending but the relation between welfare-enabling economic fundamentals and the level of social issues deemed tolerable. Any welfare model adopted by a country can be viewed appropriate, regardless of high-burden, High-benefit or low-burden/low-benefit, as long as it is selected by people through a political process and managed at a level that withstands social issues while forming a virtuous cycle with the underlying economy. Another factor considered significant for maintaining welfare at a sustainable level is whether the relevant country has the capacity to properly respond when the dynamically selected welfare model encounters any problems.In this respect, it appears unreasonable to simply regard the latest welfare reform triggered by fiscal deficits in Europe as the discarding of European welfare framework. For a prudent judgment, an overall analysis should be conducted for any selections made in the process of politics, a virtuous cycle forged between the underlying economy and healthcare/welfare, degrees of social issues managed by the welfare system, government's response to problems, etc. In this study, we'd like to proceed with our discussion based on the recognition that a virtuous cycle of welfare and economy is most crucial. To this end, it is important to identify regular patterns between the level of welfare spending and tax burden, and the economic competitiveness.

How long is A Study on the Relationship between the Level of Social Expenditure and National Burden and the Economic Competitiveness?

A Study on the Relationship between the Level of Social Expenditure and National Burden and the Economic Competitiveness by Gun-Chun Ryu is 100 pages long, and a total of 25,000 words.

This makes it 34% the length of the average book. It also has 31% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read A Study on the Relationship between the Level of Social Expenditure and National Burden and the Economic Competitiveness Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 2 hours and 16 minutes to read A Study on the Relationship between the Level of Social Expenditure and National Burden and the Economic Competitiveness aloud.

What Reading Level is A Study on the Relationship between the Level of Social Expenditure and National Burden and the Economic Competitiveness?

A Study on the Relationship between the Level of Social Expenditure and National Burden and the Economic Competitiveness is suitable for students ages 10 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

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