How Long to Read Actual Causality

How Long Does it Take to Read Actual Causality?

It takes the average reader 4 hours to read Actual Causality by Joseph Y. Halpern

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

A new approach for defining causality and such related notions as degree of responsibility, degrees of blame, and causal explanation. Causality plays a central role in the way people structure the world; we constantly seek causal explanations for our observations. But what does it even mean that an event C “actually caused” event E? The problem of defining actual causation goes beyond mere philosophical speculation. For example, in many legal arguments, it is precisely what needs to be established in order to determine responsibility. The philosophy literature has been struggling with the problem of defining causality since Hume. In this book, Joseph Halpern explores actual causality, and such related notions as degree of responsibility, degree of blame, and causal explanation. The goal is to arrive at a definition of causality that matches our natural language usage and is helpful, for example, to a jury deciding a legal case, a programmer looking for the line of code that cause some software to fail, or an economist trying to determine whether austerity caused a subsequent depression. Halpern applies and expands an approach to causality that he and Judea Pearl developed, based on structural equations. He carefully formulates a definition of causality, and building on this, defines degree of responsibility, degree of blame, and causal explanation. He concludes by discussing how these ideas can be applied to such practical problems as accountability and program verification. Technical details are generally confined to the final section of each chapter and can be skipped by non-mathematical readers.

How long is Actual Causality?

Actual Causality by Joseph Y. Halpern is 240 pages long, and a total of 60,000 words.

This makes it 81% the length of the average book. It also has 73% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Actual Causality Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 5 hours and 27 minutes to read Actual Causality aloud.

What Reading Level is Actual Causality?

Actual Causality is suitable for students ages 12 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Actual Causality?

Actual Causality by Joseph Y. Halpern is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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