How Long to Read Advances in Optical Amplifiers

How Long Does it Take to Read Advances in Optical Amplifiers?

It takes the average reader 7 hours and 46 minutes to read Advances in Optical Amplifiers by Paul Urquhart

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

Optical amplifiers play a central role in all categories of fibre communications systems and networks. By compensating for the losses exerted by the transmission medium and the components through which the signals pass, they reduce the need for expensive and slow optical-electrical-optical conversion. The photonic gain media, which are normally based on glass- or semiconductor-based waveguides, can amplify many high speed wavelength division multiplexed channels simultaneously. Recent research has also concentrated on wavelength conversion, switching, demultiplexing in the time domain and other enhanced functions. Advances in Optical Amplifiers presents up to date results on amplifier performance, along with explanations of their relevance, from leading researchers in the field. Its chapters cover amplifiers based on rare earth doped fibres and waveguides, stimulated Raman scattering, nonlinear parametric processes and semiconductor media. Wavelength conversion and other enhanced signal processing functions are also considered in depth. This book is targeted at research, development and design engineers from teams in manufacturing industry, academia and telecommunications service operators.

How long is Advances in Optical Amplifiers?

Advances in Optical Amplifiers by Paul Urquhart is 456 pages long, and a total of 116,736 words.

This makes it 154% the length of the average book. It also has 143% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Advances in Optical Amplifiers Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 10 hours and 37 minutes to read Advances in Optical Amplifiers aloud.

What Reading Level is Advances in Optical Amplifiers?

Advances in Optical Amplifiers is suitable for students ages 12 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Advances in Optical Amplifiers?

Advances in Optical Amplifiers by Paul Urquhart is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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