How Long to Read Advances in Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) Production, Volume 2

How Long Does it Take to Read Advances in Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) Production, Volume 2?

It takes the average reader 3 hours and 23 minutes to read Advances in Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) Production, Volume 2 by Martin Koller

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

Nowadays, we are witnessing highly dynamic research activities related to the intriguing field of biodegradable materials with plastic-like properties. These activities are stimulated by the strengthened public awareness of prevailing ecological issues connected to growing piles of plastic waste and increasing greenhouse gas emissions; this goes hand-in-hand with the ongoing depletion of fossil feedstocks, which are traditionally used to produce full carbon backbone polymers. Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) biopolyesters, a family of plastic-like materials with versatile material properties, are increasing considered to be a future-oriented solution for diminishing these concerns. PHA production is based on renewable resources and occurs in a bio-mediated fashion through the action of living organisms. If accomplished in an optimized way, PHA production and the entire PHA lifecycle are embedded into nature ́s closed cycles of carbon. Sustainable and efficient PHA production requires understanding and improvement of all the individual process steps. Holistic improvement of PHA production, applicable on an industrially relevant scale, calls for, inter alia, consolidated knowledge about the enzymatic and genetic particularities of PHA-accumulating organisms, an in-depth understanding of the kinetics of the bioprocess, the selection of appropriate inexpensive fermentation feedstocks, tailoring of PHA composition at the level of its monomeric constituents, optimized biotechnological engineering, and novel strategies for PHA recovery from biomass characterized by low energy and chemical requirements. This Special Issue represents a comprehensive compilation of articles in which these individual aspects have been addressed by globally recognized experts.

How long is Advances in Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) Production, Volume 2?

Advances in Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) Production, Volume 2 by Martin Koller is 202 pages long, and a total of 50,904 words.

This makes it 68% the length of the average book. It also has 62% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Advances in Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) Production, Volume 2 Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 4 hours and 38 minutes to read Advances in Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) Production, Volume 2 aloud.

What Reading Level is Advances in Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) Production, Volume 2?

Advances in Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) Production, Volume 2 is suitable for students ages 12 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Advances in Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) Production, Volume 2?

Advances in Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) Production, Volume 2 by Martin Koller is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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